The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Corizus tetraspilus (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae) and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pentatomomorpha

Abstract

Insect mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) are the most extensively used genetic information for molecular evolution, phylogenetics and population genetics. Pentatomomorpha (>14,000 species) is the second largest infraorder of Heteroptera and of great economic importance. To better understand the diversity and phylogeny within Pentatomomorpha, we sequenced and annotated the complete mitogenome of Corizus tetraspilus (Hemiptera: Rhopalidae), an important pest of alfalfa in China. We analyzed the main features of the C. tetraspilus mitogenome, and provided a comparative analysis with four other Coreoidea species. Our results reveal that gene content, gene arrangement, nucleotide composition, codon usage, rRNA structures and sequences of mitochondrial transcription termination factor are conserved in Coreoidea. Comparative analysis shows that different protein-coding genes have been subject to different evolutionary rates correlated with the G+C content. All the transfer RNA genes found in Coreoidea have the typical clover leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1 (AGN) which lacks the dihydrouridine (DHU) arm and possesses a unusual anticodon stem (9 bp vs. the normal 5 bp). The control regions (CRs) among Coreoidea are highly variable in size, of which the CR of C. tetraspilus is the smallest (440 bp), making the C. tetraspilus mitogenome the smallest (14,989 bp) within all completely sequenced Coreoidea mitogenomes. No conserved motifs are found in the CRs of Coreoidea. In addition, the A+T content (60.68%) of the CR of C. tetraspilus is much lower than that of the entire mitogenome (74.88%), and is lowest among Coreoidea. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitogenomic data support the monophyly of each superfamily within Pentatomomorpha, and recognize a phylogenetic relationship of (Aradoidea + (Pentatomoidea + (Lygaeoidea + (Pyrrhocoroidea + Coreoidea)))).

Higher‐level phylogeny and evolutionary history of Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences

“…The relationships among Coreoidea, Lygaeoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea (Eutrichophora) remain more contentious: Henry () established a close relationship between Coreoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea based on morphological characters, which was also supported by molecular analyses of 27 species using six Hox genes (Tian et al ., ) and 25 species using mitochondrial genome sequences under homogeneous models (Yuan et al ., ). By contrast, Hua et al () analysed mitochondrial genome sequences of 13 species and recovered Lygaeoidea as the closest relative of Coreoidea, a result also obtained by Weirauch et al ().…”

“…Pentatomomorpha is monophyletic and comprises five superfamilies [Aradoidea, Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea, Lygaeoidea and Pyrrhocoroidea (Schaefer, 1993;Schuh & Slater, 1995)] or six superfamilies [Aradoidea, Pentatomoidea, Coreoidea, Lygaeoidea, Pyrrhocoroidea and Idiostoloidea (Henry, 1997;Weirauch et al, 2019)]. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated broad agreement regarding the position of Aradoidea as the sister group of the rest of the Pentatomomorpha (=Trichophora) and the sister relationship between Pentatomoidea and Eutrichophora (Coreoidea + Lygaeoidea + Pyrrhocoroidea) (Henry, 1997;Li et al, 2005;Xie et al, 2005;Hua et al, 2008;Yao et al, 2012;Yuan et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Li et al, 2017;Weirauch et al, 2019). However, the relationships within Eutrichophora remain contentious.…”

Mitogenome evolution in ladybirds: Potential association with dietary adaptation

“…PCR reactions were performed with LA Taq (TaKaRa), and all PCR fragments were sequenced in both directions on an ABI3730 automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems), as described previously (Yuan, Zhang, Guo, Wang, & Shen, 2015a, 2015b). …”

Synthesis of DEAE-Soybean Starch Microspheres for Adhere Animal Cell Culture

“…The structure of starch, with its large number of hydroxyl groups, can easily undergo chemical modification of its backbone, and has thus become a potential polymer for the development of new microcarrier materials. Starch microspheres with a large porous surface area and accessible reactive groups such as hydroxyls (Delval et al, 2005) have therefore been used as drug carriers (Björses et al, 2011;Edman et al, 1992) and adsorbents (Yuan et al, 2015;Song et al, 2004). The structure of these microspheres makes it possible for chemically modification of starch backbone according to the necessary requirements.…”