The complete nucleotide sequence of chloroplast genome of Euphorbia kansui (Euphorbiaceae), an endemic herb in China

Abstract

Euphorbia kansui T.N. Liou ex S.B. Ho (Euphorbiaceae) is a perennial herb plant endemic to China. This species has important economic and medicinal values. In this study, we first characterized the complete nucleotide sequence of chloroplast (cp) genome of E. kansui using the Illumina Hiseq platform. The cp genome was 161,061 bp in length, comprising of a large single copy (LSC) region of 91,288 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,086 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 26,343 bp each. The cp genome contains 130 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 36 transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The phylogenetic analysis indicated that E. kansui was placed as a sister to the congeneric Euphorbia esula.

The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome

“…Pseudogenization or loss of plastid genes is often accompanied by the transfer of the gene to the nuclear genome or substitution by a nuclear gene that is already targeted to the plastid 27,66 . Plastid gene loss and transfer to the nucleus or substitution by a dual targeted nuclear gene targeted to organelles has been recorded for several genes across multiple angiosperm lineages [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . The focus of this study was to use transcriptome data to bioinformatically identify the fate of two plastid genes, rpl32 and rps16, in Euphorbia schimperi that have either been lost or pseudogenized.…”

“…Most angiosperm plastomes have a highly conserved gene content ranging between 120-130 genes out of the approximately 1000 to 8000 genes that were present in the cyanobacterial ancestor 3 . There are some exceptions in various lineages including losses/transfers of infA in most rosids 4,5 , rpl33 in some legume lineages 6,7 , rpl32 in Salicaceae 8,9,10,11 , Rhizophoraceae 10 , Ranunculaceae 12 , Passi oraceae 13,14 and Euphorbiaceae 15,16,17 , rps16 in various legumes 6,18,19,20,21 , Salicaceae 8,9,22 , Passi oraceae 14 and Euphorbiaceae [15][16][17]23,24,25 , rpl22 in Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Passi oraceae, and Salicaceae 13,14,26,27 and rpl20 in Passi oraceae 14 .…”

“…rpl32 and rps16 have been characterized as being lost in plastomes and either transferred to the nucleus or substituted by a nuclear-encoded mitochondrially-targeted gene in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passi oraceae 10,11,14,22 . The fate of these two missing genes in other families of Malpighiales (Bonnetiaceae , Hypericaceae, Clusiaceae, Podostemaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Irvingiaceae, Pyllanthaceae, Erythoxylaceae, Linaceae and Violaceae) has not been characterized [15][16][17][23][24][25]40,41,42,43,44,45,46 . Thus, little is known about the extent of the transfer/substitution of these genes in other families of Malpighiales.…”

“…Only 21 species of Euphorbiaceae have complete plastome sequences available in NCBI (accessed on December 13, 2020) with eleven published and most of these are economically important and have some medicinal activities due to the presence of isoprenoids [15][16][17][23][24][25]46,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64 . Using next generation sequencing technologies and de novo assembly, the plastome and nuclear transcriptome of Euphorbia schimperi was sequenced.…”

The complete chloroplast genome of Forsythia mira, an endemic medicinal shrub in China

“…mira was submitted to GenBank (accession number: MN560167) and the circular genome maps were drawn using OGDRAW (Liu et al. 2018 ; Wang et al. 2019 ).…”