The complex relationships between executive functions and positive
                    symptoms in schizophrenia

Guillem, François; Rinaldi, Melissa; Pampoulova, Tania; Stip, Émmanuel

doi:10.1017/s0033291707002577

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, it offers an explanation of their pathological character that goes beyond the mere ascription of irrationality (see Bortolotti 2009). Second, it strengthens the connection between delusions and executive dysfunctions, which is still considered controversial in the neuropsychiatric literature (see Guillem et al 2008). Notably, the executive competition model proposed by Pessoa offers an important contribution to the idea that delusions may involve both emotional and executive dysfunctions.…”

Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although the correlation between executive functioning and delusions is at times considered controversial in neuropsychiatric research (see Guillem et al 2008), more-specific studies have been recently conducted in this direction. For example, Ibanez Casas and colleagues have attempted to explore the degree of executive functioning impairment in patients affected by schizophrenia and delusional disorder.…”

Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Bos

Brummelman²,

Terburg

2015

Behav Brain Sci

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We emphasize the importance of a neuroevolutionary perspective in moving beyond the cognition-emotion dichotomy. Cognitive behavior depends on cortical structures firmly rooted in the emotional brain from which they have evolved. As such, there cannot be cognition without emotion. Endocrine regulation of amygdala connectivity, a neural "switch" between impulsivity and deliberation, further underscores the phylogenetic impossibility of a cognition-emotion dichotomy.

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Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Valentina Petrolinimentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Bos

Brummelman²,

Terburg

2015

Behav Brain Sci

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“…Donohue et al (2006) reported that positive symptoms in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients with predominantly negative symptoms were significantly predicted by performance on a set-shifting task. Guillem et al (2008) reported a relationship between delusions, disorganization and inhibition in 96 patients with stable schizophrenia. Hallucinations were related to interference sensitivity in these patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Diganostic Criteria: The Role of Clinical Pragmatics

Cummings

2012

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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The study of pragmatic disorders is of interest to speech-language pathologists who have a professional responsibility to assess and treat communication impairments. However, these disorders, it will be argued in this paper, have a significance beyond the clinical management of clients with communication impairments. Specifically, pragmatic disorders can now make a contribution to the diagnosis of a range of clinical conditions in which communication is adversely affected. These conditions include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the autistic spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and the dementias. Pragmatic disorders are already among the criteria used to diagnose some of these conditions (e.g. ADHD), although they are not described in these terms. In other conditions (e.g. the dementias), pragmatic disorders have potential diagnostic value in the absence of reliable biomarkers markers of these conditions and similar initial presenting symptoms. Using clinical data, and the findings of empirical studies, the case is made for the inclusion and/or greater integration of pragmatic disorders in the formal classificatory systems that are used to diagnose a range of disorders. A previously unrecognised role for pragmatic impairments in the nosology and diagnosis of clinical disorders is thereby established.

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“…In the field of psychiatry, stepwise methods have been used for predicting the quality of life of schizophrenic patients by reference to schizophrenia symptoms [21], for estimating predictive values of neurocognition in schizophrenic patients [22], and for estimation of the relationship between executive functions and positive symptoms in schizophrenia [23]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a linear relationship between the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale? A retrospective analysis

2010

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BackgroundAlthough the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is widely used for evaluating patients with schizophrenia, it has limited value in estimating the clinical weight of individual symptoms. The aim of this study was 4-fold: 1) to investigate the relationship of the BPRS to the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia Scale (CGI-SCH), 2) to express this relationship in mathematical form, 3) to seek significant symptoms, and 4) to consider a possible modified BPRS subscale.MethodsWe evaluated 150 schizophrenia patients using the BPRS and the CGI-SCH, then examined the scatter plot distribution of the two scales and expressed it in a mathematical equation. Next, backward stepwise regression was performed to select BPRS items that were highly associated with the CGI-SCH. Multivariate regression was conducted to allocate marks to individual items, proportional to their respective magnitude. We assessed the influence of modifications to the BPRS in terms of Pearson's r correlation coefficient and r-squared to evaluate the relationship between the two scales. Utilizing symptom weighting, we assumed a possible BPRS subscale.ResultsBy plotting the scores for the two scales, a logarithmic curve was obtained. By performing a logarithmic transformation of the BPRS total score, the curve was modified to a linear distribution, described by [CGI-SCH] = 7.1497 × log10[18-item BPRS] - 6.7705 (p < 0.001). Pearson's r for the relationship between the scales was 0.7926 and r-squared was 0.7560 (both p < 0.001). Applying backward stepwise regression using small sets of items, eight symptoms were positively correlated with the CGI-SCH (p < 0.005) and the subset gave Pearson's r of 0.8185 and r-squared of 0.7198. Further selection at the multivariate regression yielded Pearson's r of 0.8315 and r-squared of 0.7036. Then, modification of point allocation provided Pearson's r of 0.8339 and r-squared of 0.7036 (all these p < 0.001). A possible modified BPRS subscale, "the modified seven-item BPRS", was designed.ConclusionsLimited within our data, a logarithmic relationship was assumed between the two scales, and not only individual items of the BPRS but also their weightings were considered important for a linear relationship and improvement of the BPRS for evaluating schizophrenia.

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The complex relationships between executive functions and positive symptoms in schizophrenia

Cited by 22 publications

References 41 publications

Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Cognition as the tip of the emotional iceberg: A neuro-evolutionary perspective

Establishing Diganostic Criteria: The Role of Clinical Pragmatics

Is there a linear relationship between the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Schizophrenia scale? A retrospective analysis

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