The Complex Role of Having Confidant on the Development of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community-Based Cohort of Older People in Brazil

Camozzato, Analuiza; Godinho, Cláudia; Varela, Juliana Santos; Köhler, Cristiano A.; Rinaldi, Juciclara; Chaves, Márcia Lorena Fagundes

doi:10.1159/000371521

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Fifteen studies examined prospectively or retrospectively collected time-varying exposures: social support [ 106 ]; social strain [ 93 ]; formal and informal social activity participation [ 32 , 42 , 51 , 56 , 67 , 83 , 84 , 87 , 96 , 107 , 143 ] social network structure (e.g., number of family/friends) [ 32 , 79 , 83 ]; participation in national health insurance [ 67 ]; having a confidante at earlier ages [ 102 ]; and income inequality [ 114 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operationalizing Social Environments in Cognitive Aging and Dementia Research: A Scoping Review

George

Tran

Malladi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Social environments are a contributing determinant of health and disparities. This scoping review details how social environments have been operationalized in observational studies of cognitive aging and dementia. Methods: A systematic search in PubMed and Web of Science identified studies of social environment exposures and late-life cognition/dementia outcomes. Data were extracted on (1) study design; (2) population; (3) social environment(s); (4) cognitive outcome(s); (5) analytic approach; and (6) theorized causal pathways. Studies were organized using a 3-tiered social ecological model at interpersonal, community, or policy levels. Results: Of 7802 non-duplicated articles, 123 studies met inclusion criteria. Eighty-four studies were longitudinal (range 1–28 years) and 16 examined time-varying social environments. When sorted into social ecological levels, 91 studies examined the interpersonal level; 37 examined the community/neighborhood level; 3 examined policy level social environments; and 7 studies examined more than one level. Conclusions: Most studies of social environments and cognitive aging and dementia examined interpersonal factors measured at a single point in time. Few assessed time-varying social environmental factors or considered multiple social ecological levels. Future studies can help clarify opportunities for intervention by delineating if, when, and how social environments shape late-life cognitive aging and dementia outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operationalizing Social Environments in Cognitive Aging and Dementia Research: A Scoping Review

George

Tran

Malladi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…6,[8][9][10]12,28 Although no prior work has focused on evaluating the association of having a confidant with cognitive outcomes, other studies have found an association with other health outcomes, such as mortality due to coronary artery disease and dementia. 23,24 In addition, confidants are an especially important source of support for older adults and may thus be particularly relevant for cognition. Prior work has shown that social support is associated with both better cognitive function at baseline and at follow-up and that having a confidant is the primary source of both emotional and instrumental support.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants who reported having no children, no relatives, or no friends also received a score of 0 for the respective measure. Given prior evidence that having a confidant might be of special relevance for both emotional and instrumental support, 19,20 as well as for other health outcomes such as mortality due to coronary artery disease and dementia, 23,24 we also evaluated this indicator as a primary exposure. Having a confidant was coded as a binary variable (1 if participant reported having a confidant that he or she sees daily and 0 otherwise).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Social Integration with Cognitive Status in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort: Results From the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences Study

Calmasini

Swinnerton

Zimmerman

et al. 2022

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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We evaluated overall and race-specific relationships between social integration and cognition in older adults. Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) cohort participants included 1343 Asian, Black, Latino, or non-Latino White Kaiser Permanente Northern California members. We estimated the effect of social integration on verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, and executive function derived from the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment (SENAS) Scales. Social integration scores included marital status; volunteer activity; and contact with children, relatives, friends, and confidants. We estimated covariate-adjusted linear mixed-effects models for baseline and 17-month follow-up cognition. Social integration was associated with higher baseline cognitive scores (average [Formula: see text] = 0.066 (95% confidence interval: 0.040, 0.092)) overall and in each racial/ethnic group. The association did not vary by race/ethnicity. Social integration was not associated with the estimated rate of cognitive change. In this cohort, more social integration was similarly associated with better late-life cognition across racial/ethnic groups.

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“…For example, Amieva et al found that feeling satisfied with social interactions and perceived reciprocity was protective of dementia over 15 years, but the size and nature of social networks was not associated with dementia risk. Furthermore, having a confidant was found to be protective of dementia in a 12‐year cohort study . Of note, neither of these studies measured loneliness, but one could assume that feeling satisfied with social interactions and having a confidant could reduce feelings of loneliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, having a confidant was found to be protective of dementia in a 12-year cohort study. 18 Of note, neither of these studies measured loneliness, but one could assume that feeling satisfied with social interactions and having a confidant could reduce feelings of loneliness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social networks and loneliness in people with Alzheimer's dementia

Balouch

Rifaat

Chen

et al. 2019

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives Modifiable lifestyle risk factors are of great interest in the prevention and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Loneliness and social networks may influence onset of AD, but little is known about this relationship in people with AD. The current study aimed to explore the relationship between loneliness and social networks (social measures) and cognitive and psychopathology decline (AD outcomes) in people with AD. Methods Ninety‐three participants with mild to moderate AD were recruited from memory clinics, in a cross‐sectional study. Social networks (measured by the Lubben Social Network Scale‐6), feelings of loneliness (measured by De Jong Loneliness Scale), cognition (measured by the Standardized Mini‐Mental State Examination), and psychopathology (measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory) were assessed in an interview setting. Two multiple regressions with bootstrap were conducted on cognition and psychopathology as outcome variables. Family and friends subsets of social networks and loneliness were entered as predictors and age, gender, and depression as covariates. Results The friendship subset of social networks was significantly related to cognition (independent of age, gender, depression, loneliness, and family subset of social network): B = 0.284, P = 0.01. Neither loneliness nor social networks predicted psychopathology (Ps > 0.05). Conclusions Maintaining or developing a close friendship network could be beneficial for cognition in people with AD. Alternatively, greater dementia severity may lead to fewer friends. More research on the direction of this relationship in people with AD is needed.

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The Complex Role of Having Confidant on the Development of Alzheimer's Disease in a Community-Based Cohort of Older People in Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Operationalizing Social Environments in Cognitive Aging and Dementia Research: A Scoping Review

Operationalizing Social Environments in Cognitive Aging and Dementia Research: A Scoping Review

Association of Social Integration with Cognitive Status in a Multi-Ethnic Cohort: Results From the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences Study

Social networks and loneliness in people with Alzheimer's dementia

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