The Complexity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Concept of Age-Related Brain Targeting: Challenges and Potential of Novel Solid Lipid-Based Formulations

Sommonte, Federica; Arduino, Ilaria; Racaniello, Giuseppe Francesco; Lopalco, Antonio; Lopedota, Angela; Denora, Nunzio

doi:10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.029

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 217 publications

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“…Adding various physiologically compatible emulsifiers, i.e., phospholipids, poloxamers, and polysorbates, also stabilizes NP formulations. Similarly, NLCs are modified SLNs in which the lipid phase consists of liquid lipids (oils) and solids at room temperature . The small size and lipid nature of SLNs and NLCs facilitate crossing the BBB, especially in the leaky tumor vasculature. , Regarding drug delivery to the CNS, both SLNs and NLCs have been confirmed to improve the treatment of several neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, migraine, epilepsy, and brain cancer .…”

Section: Permeation Mechanisms Of Nanoparticles Capable Of Crossing T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier

Zha,

Liu,

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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The blood−brain barrier (BBB) is a specialized semipermeable structure that highly regulates exchanges between the central nervous system parenchyma and blood vessels. Thus, the BBB also prevents the passage of various forms of therapeutic agents, nanocarriers, and their cargos. Recently, many multidisciplinary studies focus on developing cargo-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome these challenges, which are emerging as safe and effective vehicles in neurotheranostics. In this Review, first we introduce the anatomical structure and physiological functions of the BBB. Second, we present the endogenous and exogenous transport mechanisms by which NPs cross the BBB. We report various forms of nanomaterials, carriers, and their cargos, with their detailed BBB uptake and permeability characteristics. Third, we describe the effect of regulating the size, shape, charge, and surface ligands of NPs that affect their BBB permeability, which can be exploited to enhance and promote neurotheranostics. We classify typical functionalized nanomaterials developed for BBB crossing. Fourth, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in developing functional polymeric nanomaterials for applications in multimodal bioimaging, therapeutics, and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude by discussing existing challenges, directions, and future perspectives in employing functionalized nanomaterials for BBB crossing.

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Section: Permeation Mechanisms Of Nanoparticles Capable Of Crossing T...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier

Zha,

Liu,

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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“…To overcome the obstacles provided by the BBB, it is essential to explore the changes affecting it, to understand how to exploit these findings in the study and design of innovative formulations targeting the brain. It is also very important to exploit the concept of age-related targeting, as it allows the type of treatment to be considered according to different needs and peculiarities depending on the disease and age of onset [ 80 ].…”

Section: Nano-delivery Systems Entrapping Que—new Approaches For Bioa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quercetin and Its Nano-Formulations for Brain Tumor Therapy—Current Developments and Future Perspectives for Paediatric Studies

et al. 2023

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The development of efficient treatments for tumors affecting the central nervous system (CNS) remains an open challenge. Particularly, gliomas are the most malignant and lethal form of brain tumors in adults, causing death in patients just over 6 months after diagnosis without treatment. The current treatment protocol consists of surgery, followed using synthetic drugs and radiation. However, the efficacy of these protocols is associated with side effects, poor prognosis and with a median survival of fewer than two years. Recently, many studies were focused on applying plant-derived products to manage various diseases, including brain cancers. Quercetin is a bioactive compound derived from various fruits and vegetables (asparagus, apples, berries, cherries, onions and red leaf lettuce). Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies highlighted that quercetin through multitargeted molecular mechanisms (apoptosis, necrosis, anti-proliferative activity and suppression of tumor invasion and migration) effectively reduces the progression of tumor cells. This review aims to summarize current developments and recent advances of quercetin’s anticancer potential in brain tumors. Since all reported studies demonstrating the anti-cancer potential of quercetin were conducted using adult models, it is suggested to expand further research in the field of paediatrics. This could offer new perspectives on brain cancer treatment for paediatric patients.

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“…The tremendous progress in DDS research is paving the way for a novel therapeutic concept based on the use of nanovectors to precisely deliver the drug of interest to the disordered target sites, enhancing the pharmacological effects on their own while limiting systemic toxicity [ 16 , 17 ]. Furthermore, the dimensional properties of nanovectors should be suitable for overcoming biological barriers present in the human body, which severely limit the entry of substances into particularly sensitive areas [ 3 , 18 ]. It is essential that the specific nanosystems have the proper size range as it affects their ability to reach target tissue, their biodistribution, cellular uptake, and removal by clearance systems [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the dimensional properties of nanovectors should be suitable for overcoming biological barriers present in the human body, which severely limit the entry of substances into particularly sensitive areas [ 3 , 18 ]. It is essential that the specific nanosystems have the proper size range as it affects their ability to reach target tissue, their biodistribution, cellular uptake, and removal by clearance systems [ 18 ]. Thus, alternative strategies for producing NPs with adequate features are required because traditional production methods are incapable of ensuring rapid, inexpensive, high-reproducibility synthesis [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining 3D Printing and Microfluidic Techniques: A Powerful Synergy for Nanomedicine

2023

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Nanomedicine has grown tremendously in recent years as a responsive strategy to find novel therapies for treating challenging pathological conditions. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop novel formulations capable of providing adequate therapeutic treatment while overcoming the limitations of traditional protocols. Lately, microfluidic technology (MF) and additive manufacturing (AM) have both acquired popularity, bringing numerous benefits to a wide range of life science applications. There have been numerous benefits and drawbacks of MF and AM as distinct techniques, with case studies showing how the careful optimization of operational parameters enables them to overcome existing limitations. Therefore, the focus of this review was to highlight the potential of the synergy between MF and AM, emphasizing the significant benefits that this collaboration could entail. The combination of the techniques ensures the full customization of MF-based systems while remaining cost-effective and less time-consuming compared to classical approaches. Furthermore, MF and AM enable highly sustainable procedures suitable for industrial scale-out, leading to one of the most promising innovations of the near future.

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The Complexity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Concept of Age-Related Brain Targeting: Challenges and Potential of Novel Solid Lipid-Based Formulations

Cited by 23 publications

References 217 publications

Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier

Functionalized Nanomaterials Capable of Crossing the Blood–Brain Barrier

Quercetin and Its Nano-Formulations for Brain Tumor Therapy—Current Developments and Future Perspectives for Paediatric Studies

Combining 3D Printing and Microfluidic Techniques: A Powerful Synergy for Nanomedicine

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