The Complexity of Vascular and Non-Vascular Complications of Diabetes: The Hong Kong Diabetes Registry

Abstract

Diabetes is a complex disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and multiple phenotypes. In 1995, we used a doctor-nurse-clerk team and structured protocol to establish the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry in a quality improvement program. By 2009, we had accrued 2616 clinical events in 9588 Chinese type 2 diabetic patients with a follow-up duration of 6 years. The detailed phenotypes at enrollment and follow-up medications have allowed us to develop a series of risk equations to predict multiple endpoints with high sensitivity and specificity. In this prospective database, we were able to validate findings from clinical trials in real practice, confirm close links between cardiovascular and renal disease, and demonstrate the emerging importance of cancer as a leading cause of death. In addition to serving as a tool for risk stratification and quality assurance, ongoing data analysis of the registry also reveals secular changes in disease patterns and identifies unmet needs.

Familial Young-Onset Diabetes, Pre-Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Are Associated with Genetic Variants of DACH1 in Chinese

“…The case-control cohort was selected from the HKDR set up in 1995 as part of a quality improvement program using structured protocols [36]. Using this cohort, we selected a case-control cohort of CVD (953/953) matched for age, sex and disease duration.…”

Genetic Associations of Type 2 Diabetes with Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Processing and Degrading Pathways in Asian Populations

“…In the stage-1 study, we selected 459 T2D subjects diagnosed before 40 year-old who had at least one affected first degree relative from the Hong Kong Diabetes Registry (HKDR) [43]. None of these patients had clinical or autoimmune type 1 diabetes, defined as history of ketoacidosis or continuous requirement of insulin within 1 year of diagnosis with or without autoimmune antibodies.…”

Evaluation of aloe vera leaves extract in streptozotocin- induced diabetic nephropathy in rat

“…3 Non vascular complication include problems such as gastroporesis, skin changes and sexual dysfunction. 2 Previous report suggests that 43% of the chronic renal failure patients on dialysis have diabetic nephropathy, 60% death cases of diabetic mellitus patients are due to diabetic nephropathy and death case of diabetic mellitus patients due to renal failure are 17 times more as compared to non-diabetic mellitus patients.…”

“…1 The chronic complication can be divided as vascular and non-vascular. 2 Vascular complications are subdivided into microvascular retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and macro-vascular complications are peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease. 3 Non vascular complication include problems such as gastroporesis, skin changes and sexual dysfunction.…”