The Complications of Surgery for Intersex: Changing Patterns Over Two Decades

Cosmetic and anatomic outcomes after feminizing surgery for ambiguous genitalia

“…The role of the expert surgeon is supported by Lobe et al [8] who stated that successful operative management of intersex patients depends on a surgeon or surgical team with a special interest. Sotiropoulos et al [9] reviewed 32 females aged between 5 and 22 years and reported cosmetically and functionally satisfactory results after clitoral recession or resection.…”

Surgical aspects of ambiguous genitalia associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

“…In addition, early correction results in a low risk of genitourinary tract infection [4] and is a technically more feasible procedure during early life [21]. Lobe et al reported better results in patients diagnosed and operated on during infancy [22]. Passerini-Glazel [19] reported that surgery is feasible during the first 2 months of life; however, secondary surgery might be needed later in life.…”

“…In terms of the investigations, abdominal U/S was reported to have 100% sensitivity and specificity in the identification of female internal organs, but depends on the operators [22]. U/S also shows the ability to precisely delineate the gross structure of the vagina and UGS in more than 90% of patients [22].…”

“…U/S also shows the ability to precisely delineate the gross structure of the vagina and UGS in more than 90% of patients [22]. In our study, the accuracy of U/S in the detection of internal Müllerian structures was only 70% and the sensitivity was lower in neonates and young infants; this could have been as result of the ultrasonographer's skills and/or the features of ultrasonography equipment [22]. In addition, retrograde genitography had 80% sensitivity in localizing the site of confluence of the urethra and the vagina.…”