The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

Woodman, H. E.; Evans, R. E.; Eden, A.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600021912

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Except for thousand-headed kale, chou moellier leafy cross, and the hybrid CM X THK, all dry matter values were lower at Palmerston North than at Gore. The three varieties giant chou moellier, medium stemmed chou moellier, and chou moellier leafy cross are types of marrow-stem kale of which the stem is considered a valuable contributor to the total feeding value of the crops (Woodman, Evans, and Eden 1936). Stem dry matter percentages for the first two of these types were 5% and 3.5% higher respectively than those obtained by Jones (1959).…”

Section: Discussion Nry Matter Yields and Percentagesmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The average increment in stem lignin content for Palmerston North was 2.7% (Table 7), which would correspond to a depression of dry matter digestibility by 22% if the same relation held. Even though this effect can only be applied to stem tissue, its relevance to the high value which has been placed by Woodman, Evans, and Eden (1936) on the stem of the marrow stem kales is beyond question. Of all the varieties tested at Palmers ton North the hybrid CM X THK had the highest stem lignin.…”

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past such chemical analyses as have been reported have been based upon the Weende (Hennenberg, Stohmann, and Rautenberg 1864) scheme of analysis for the constituents ash, ether extract, crude protein, crude fibre, and nitrogen-free extract (Woodman, Evans, and Eden 1936;Fagan, Philips, and Davies 1943;Schneider 1947;and Jones 1959), although the detailed composition of the ash has received much attention. In these studies the indigestible structural components of plant tissue were assumed to be represented by the crude fibre, and the nitrogen-free extract was obtained by subtracting the sum of the other constituents from 100.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition of brassica varieties and hybrids as affected by environment and stage of growth

Allison¹,

Wright²

1966

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Material from eight lines of kale (chou moellicr), consisti;tg of four established varieties and four selections from crosses between chou moellier and related species, was analysed for total minerals, ;')ther extract, total nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, and available carbohydrates. Since the lines were grown in replicated trials in three widely different environments and, in two of these, were sampled at three different times during growth, effects of environment, variety, and stage of growth were distinguished. A table (Table 8) in which these effects are summarised is given at the end of the paper. The analyses presented demonstrate strong physiological responses by the crops to environmental factors. The probable manner in which these responses affect animal utilisation is discussed. Time trends in composition as affected by environment and variety have been demonstrated within two of the environments. The components determined accounted for 50-60% of the original dry matter.

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Section: Discussion Nry Matter Yields and Percentagesmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition of brassica varieties and hybrids as affected by environment and stage of growth

Allison¹,

Wright²

1966

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The effects of singling and advancing season on the composition of thousand-headed kale

Jones¹

1962

J. Agric. Sci.

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1. Five varieties of thousand-headed kale, grown in singled and unsingled plots, were sampled three times during the winter at monthly intervals. The plants were divided into leaf, top half of the stem and bottom half. Dry matter, the proximate constituents and minerals were determined in the samples.2. The differences in the composition of the leaf and stem of the plant were similar to those found previously and the top half of the stem was intermediate in composition between the leaf and the bottom half of the stem for all the constituents except potassium.3. The proportions of the various constituents occurring in the three portions of the plant were calculated and considered in terms of the incomplete utilization of the crop by grazing animals.4. There were significant increases in the percentage of dry matter in all three portions of the plant as the season advanced. The only other significant changes in composition with advancing season were in the leaf in which the levels of crude protein, crude fibre, ash, calcium, phosphorus and sulphate varied.5. Singling the crop had no significant effects on its composition, but there was a tendency for the stems of the singled crop to be lower in crude fibre and higher in crude protein and several of the minerals.6. There were very few differences in the composition of the varieties. They were mainly due to the higher mineral levels in one variety.7. Samples of the two halves of the stem of thousand-headed kale were divided into their main tissues, e.g. rind, xylem and marrow. These were analysed in the same manner as the samples in the main investigation. The results were used in an attempt to explain the effects of singling, advancing season and variety in terms of different ratios of these tissues.

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Chemical composition and cold hardiness of the pith in marrow-stem kale

Thompson

Taylor

1968

J. Agric. Sci.

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SUMMARYPercentages of soluble dry matter (S.D.M.), determined in expressed sap from the pith of kale stems by using a hand refractometer, were higher near the vascular bundles than in the centre of the pith and also varied from the top to the base of any one stem. Sampling errors were minimized by taking vertical borings midway between the vascular bundles and the pith centre and by taking two bores per stem (base and top). Inbred lines varied for mean S.D.M. Relative S.D.M. values for two inbred lines were maintained through wet and dry periods in the autumn, and values for fifty-eight inbred lines were significantly correlated in the successive years, one with a dry autumn and the other with a wet.S.D.M. values were positively and significantly correlated with dry-matter percentage (D.M.) of the pith and with total water soluble carbohydrates (W.S.C). Close correlations were also found between S.D.M. and resistance to cold damage, both in the field and in freezing cabinets for inbred lines of marrow-stem kale and for other cultivars of Brassica oleracea. Although there are some exceptions to these correlations, the rapid method for determining S.D.M. should be very useful in screening breeding material for cold resistance. The combination of high percentage digestibility of the dry matter of stems and improved winter-hardiness can be achieved by selecting in addition for low fibre content using penetrometer tests.

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The composition and nutritive value of marrow stem kale and thousand head kale

Cited by 12 publications

References 12 publications

Chemical composition of brassica varieties and hybrids as affected by environment and stage of growth

Chemical composition of brassica varieties and hybrids as affected by environment and stage of growth

The effects of singling and advancing season on the composition of thousand-headed kale

Chemical composition and cold hardiness of the pith in marrow-stem kale

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