The Composition of Fatty Materials from a Thule Eskimo Site on Herschel Island

Morgan, E. David; Titus, L.; Small, R. J.; Edwards, Corony

doi:10.14430/arctic2290

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2 Oblique photograph of the historic whaling settlement on Simpson Point, Herschel Island (photo: W. Pollard, 2007) surrounding areas, and probably Herschel Island, during the past 10,000 years (Nagy 2012, p. 146 (Mackay 1986;Mason et al 2012). On Herschel Island, coastal erosion has forced the relocation of buildings (Olynyk 2008, p. 212), while a Thule Eskimo dwelling site was lost to coastal erosion (Morgan et al 1983).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion and Flooding—Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada

Radosavljevic

Lantuit

Pollard

et al. 2015

Estuaries and Coasts

102

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Arctic coastal infrastructure and cultural and archeological sites are increasingly vulnerable to erosion and flooding due to amplified warming of the Arctic, sea level rise, lengthening of open water periods, and a predicted increase in frequency of major storms. Mitigating these hazards necessitates decision-making tools at an appropriate scale. The objectives of this paper are to provide such a tool by assessing potential erosion and flood hazards at Herschel Island, a UNESCO World Heritage candidate site. This study focused on Simpson Point and the adjacent coastal sections because of their archeological, historical, and cultural significance. Shoreline movement was analyzed using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) after digitizing shorelines from 1952, 1970, 2000, and 2011. For purposes of this analysis, the coast was divided in seven coastal reaches (CRs) reflecting different morphologies and/or exposures. Using linear regression rates obtained from these data, projections of shoreline position were made for 20 and 50 years into the future. Flood hazard was assessed using a least cost path analysis based on a high-resolution light detection and ranging (LiDAR) dataset and current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level estimates. Widespread erosion characterizes the study area. The rate of shoreline movement in different periods of the study ranges from −5.5 to 2.7 m·a Ice-rich coastal sections most exposed to wave attack exhibited the highest rates of coastal retreat. The geohazard map combines shoreline projections and flood hazard analyses to show that most of the spit area has extreme or very high flood hazard potential, and some buildings are vulnerable to coastal erosion. This study demonstrates that transgressive forcing may provide ample sediment for the expansion of depositional landforms, while growing more susceptible to overwash and flooding.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Erosion and Flooding—Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada

Radosavljevic

Lantuit

Pollard

et al. 2015

Estuaries and Coasts

102

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“…The fatty acid composition of all specimens investigated differed considerably from that of human muscle tissues (Evershed and Connolly, 1988;Makristathis et al, 2002). Adipocere is characterized by elevated levels of C-16:0 fatty acid, which is potentially derived from C-18:1 fatty acid (Ruttan and Marshall, 1917;Morgan et al, 1983). The ratio of myristic (C-14), palmitic (C-16) and stearic (C-18) acids, the predominant acids found in adipocere (Forbes et al, 2005), supports the assumption that the child was covered in adipocere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Bereuter, Ö tzi's body must have been become covered in water around 100 AD when the climate in the region became warmer and the glaciers melted, thereby promoting adipocere formation and preventing the body from further decay. The animal and human bodies found in Thule, estimated to be around 3616 years old (Morgan et al, 1983), are another example where extreme cold and simultaneous or subsequent immersion in water, and hence oxygen deprivation, contributed to both preservation and adipocere formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…moist areas (Vass, 1992;O'Brian and Kuehner, 2007;Bereuter et al, 1997;Bereuter, 2002). It is one of the most frequent types of post-mortem changes in corpses found in water (Kahana et al, 1999), glacial and permafrost areas (Murphy et al, 2003;Morgan et al, 1983) or in corpses wrapped in hermetic bags (Rothschild et al, 1996). In the case of the Tyrolean iceman, the combination of freezing, drying and conversion into adipocere most likely explains the excellent preservation of the body (Murphy et al, 2003;Bereuter et al, 1997;Bereuter, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adipocere withstands 1600 years of fluctuating groundwater levels in soil

Fiedler

Buegger

Klaubert

et al. 2009

Journal of Archaeological Science

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“…So the input of animal remains in soils at archaeological sites was investigated e.g. by analyses of fatty acids and steroids (Morgan et al, 1983;Nolin, Kramer & Newman, 1994). Especially, biomarkers are analysed in samples from Caričin Grad that allow identifying latrines and animal husbandry.…”

Section: Soil Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

An imperial town in a time of transition. Life, environment, and decline of early Byzantine Caričin Grad

Birk¹,

Bugarski²,

Fiedler³

et al. 2016

Multi-, Inter- And Transdisciplinary Research in Landscape Archaeology

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The site of Caričin Grad in south-eastern Serbiacurrently listed on UNESCO's tentative list -has been the subject of archaeological investigations for more than 100 years. For the last decades it has been the focus of a joint project of the Archaeological Institute in Belgrade and the École Française de Rome. A reconstruction of the economic, environmental and social history of the city is the main objective of a cooperative project started in 2014 with the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz.The remains of the early Byzantine complex of Caričin Grad show the features of a city built in the classical, Hellenistic-Roman tradition, combined with ecclesiastical Christian architecture. Based on the comparison of Byzantine text sources with the settlement's topography and its architecture, Caričin Grad is supposed to be identical to Iustiniana Prima, a city newly founded by the Emperor Justinian as the region's episcopal and administrative centre.With the period of occupation covering a mere 90 years, from circa AD 530 to circa AD 615, the site allows a rare archaeological "snapshot" of a short period of very intensive use, which furthermore remained undisturbed from later encroachments. Due to these circumstances, Caričin Grad offers the unique opportunity to analyse a city at

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The Composition of Fatty Materials from a Thule Eskimo Site on Herschel Island

Cited by 26 publications

References 3 publications

Erosion and Flooding—Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada

Erosion and Flooding—Threats to Coastal Infrastructure in the Arctic: A Case Study from Herschel Island, Yukon Territory, Canada

Adipocere withstands 1600 years of fluctuating groundwater levels in soil

An imperial town in a time of transition. Life, environment, and decline of early Byzantine Caričin Grad

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