The Composition of Gut Microbiota in Patients Bearing Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis with Euthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Liu, Simo; An, Yingli; Cao, Bin; Sun, Rongxin; Ke, Jing; Zhao, Dong

doi:10.1155/2020/5036959

Cited by 47 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, we investigated the alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated these data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. There are four studies that compared the gut microbiota from patients with euthyroid and hypothyroid HT in Chinese population, and researchers detected intestinal dysbiosis when compared with healthy controls (23,24,33,34). Ishaq et al (23) investigated the microbial composition in 29 patients with HT and 12 healthy controls by PCR-DGGE, real-time PCR, and 16S pyrosequencing (17,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are four studies that compared the gut microbiota from patients with euthyroid and hypothyroid HT in Chinese population, and researchers detected intestinal dysbiosis when compared with healthy controls ( 23 , 24 , 33 , 34 ). Ishaq et al ( 23 ) investigated the microbial composition in 29 patients with HT and 12 healthy controls by PCR-DGGE, real-time PCR, and 16S pyrosequencing ( 17 , 19 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a more recent cross-sectional work, Liu et al ( 33 ) investigated the gut microbiota in 45 patients with euthyroid, 18 patients with HT hypothyroid, and 34 controls by 16S sequencing. Compared with healthy controls, intestinal microbiota richness and diversity were significantly decreased in subjects with HT, with predominance of Bacteroidetes phylum members, Prevotella and Phascolarctobacterium species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In patients with euthyroid, some microbes, such as Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis, Lactonifactor, Alistipes , and Subdoligranulum genus, were enriched in stool samples. The authors concluded that there is a different microbiota profile in patients with diverse thyroid function, and they suggest that Phascolarctobacterium genus could be involved in HT progression in humans ( 33 ). Phascolarctobacterium species, mainly Phascolarctobacterium faecium , can produce acetate and propionate and influence the metabolic status of the host ( 35 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Cayres¹,

Salis

Rodrigues³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common autoimmune disease worldwide, characterized by chronic inflammation and circulating autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Patients require hormone replacement with oral levothyroxine, and if untreated, they can develop serious adverse health effects and ultimately death. There is a lot of evidence that the intestinal dysbiosis, bacterial overgrowth, and increased intestinal permeability favor the HT development, and a thyroid–gut axis has been proposed, which seems to impact our entire metabolism. Here, we evaluated alterations in the gut microbiota in Brazilian patients with HT and correlated this data with dietary habits, clinical data, and systemic cytokines and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples from 40 patients with HT and 53 controls were analyzed using real-time PCR, the serum cytokine levels were evaluated by flow cytometry, zonulin concentrations by ELISA, and the dietary habits were recorded by a food frequency questionnaire. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the Bacteroides species and a decrease in Bifidobacterium in samples of patients with HT. In addition, Lactobacillus species were higher in patients without thyroid hormone replacement, compared with those who use oral levothyroxine. Regarding dietary habits, we demonstrated that there are significant differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, animal-derived proteins, dairy products, saturated fats, and carbohydrates between patients and control group, and an inverse correlation between animal-derived protein and Bacteroides genus was detected. The microbiota modulation by diet directly influences the inflammatory profile due to the generated microbiota metabolites and their direct or indirect action on immune cells in the gut mucosa. Although there are no differences in systemic cytokines in our patients with HT, we detected increased zonulin concentrations, suggesting a leaky gut in patients with HT. These findings could help understand the development and progression of HT, while further investigations to clarify the underlying mechanisms of the diet–microbiota–immune system axis are still needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Cayres¹,

Salis

Rodrigues³

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Moreover, increased levels of Bacteroides were negatively correlated with energy intake and adiposity [ 45 ]. Phascolarctobacterium can produce short-chain, which is positively correlated with the metabolic status in the host [ 46 , 47 ]. It was also negatively correlated with many pathways, including environmental information processing and metabolism [ 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of High-Fat Diet on the Intestinal Flora in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats

Zheng

et al. 2021

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Aim. The aim of this study was to explore whether letrozole and high-fat diets (HFD) can induce obese insulin-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with intestinal flora dysbiosis in a rat model. We compared the changes in the intestinal flora of letrozole-induced rats fed with HFD or normal chow, to explore the effects of HFD and letrozole independently and synergistically on the intestinal flora. Methods. Five-week-old female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into four groups: control (C) group fed with regular diet; L1 group administered with letrozole and fed with regular diet; L2 group received letrozole and fed with HFD; and HFD group fed with HFD. At the end of the experiment, ovarian morphology, hormones, metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory status of all rats were studied. 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing was used to profile microbial communities, and various multivariate analysis approaches were used to quantitate microbial composition, abundance, and diversity. Results. Compared to the C group, the increased plasma fasting insulin and glucose, HOMA-IR, triglyceride, testosterone, and malondialdehyde were significantly higher in the L2 group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in the L1 group and L2 group. The indices of Chao1 and the Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE) (α-diversity) in the L2 and HFD groups were significantly lower than that in the C group. Bray–Curtis dissimilarity based principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plots and analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) test showed obvious separations between the L2 group and C group, between the HFD group and C group, and between the L2 and HFD groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes (F/B ratio) were increased in the L2 group; Bacteroidetes was decreased in the L2 and HFD groups. No significant differences in bacterial abundance between the C group and L1 group were observed at the phylum level. Based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis, the bacterial genera (the relative abundance > 0.1%, LDA > 3, p < 0.05 ) were selected as candidate bacterial signatures. They showed that the abundance of Vibrio was significantly increased in the L1 group; Bacteroides and Phascolarctobacterium were enriched in the HFD group, and Bacteroides, Phascolarctobacterium, Blautia, Parabacteroides, Akkermansia [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, and Anaerotruncus were enriched in the L2 group. Conclusion. The effect of letrozole on intestinal flora was not significant as HFD. HFD could destroy the balance of intestinal flora and aggravate the intestinal flora dysbiosis in PCOS. Letrozole-induced rats fed with HFD have many characteristics like human PCOS, including some metabolic disorders and intestinal flora dysbiosis. The dysbiosis was characterized by an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, an expansion of Firmicutes, a contraction of Bacteroidetes, and the decreased microbial richness. Beta-diversity also showed significant differences in intestinal microflora, compared with control rats.

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Microbiota and Thyroid Disease: An Updated Systematic Review

Stramazzo

Capriello

Filardo

et al. 2023

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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The Composition of Gut Microbiota in Patients Bearing Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis with Euthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Detection of Alterations in the Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Permeability in Patients With Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Effect of High-Fat Diet on the Intestinal Flora in Letrozole-Induced Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Rats

Microbiota and Thyroid Disease: An Updated Systematic Review

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