“…Chronic pain in general is widely viewed as a multifaceted, biopsychosocial phenomenon that, as 9 mentioned above, can be associated with psychopathology (Nadel & Portadin, 1977). It is best managed using a holistic, multidisciplinary approach (Montañez & Berland, 2002;Okpala et al, 2002;Thomas, Dixon, & Milligan, 1999;Thomas, 2000;Vukmir, 2004).…”