“…This concept has been used to effectively improve the design freedom of truss structures (Cai and Aref, 2015;Triantafillou et al, 1991;Xiao et al, 2020). The method maximizes the material strength, reduces the weight of the truss, and realizes the optimal lightweight design goal (Liu et al, 2020(Liu et al, , 2022Vitale et al, 2020;Zhang and Yanagimoto, 2021;Zhang et al, 2020). These advantages make CFRP trusses widely used in aerostats, space stations, and satellites, and they are important loadbearing structures in the field of aerospace engineering (Barile, 2019;Yan et al, 2021).…”