The computer as a tutorial laboratory: the Stanford BIP project

Intelligent Tutor, Environment and Manual for Introductory Programming

“…This reflects the state of things: in ITEM/IP the domain expert is replaced by the interpreter of the mini-language with the same abilities as the expert. The same technique was used successfully in BIP (Barr, Beard and Atkinson, 1976), QUADBASE (Hudson and Self, 1982), and ReGIS (Heines and O'Shea, 1985) systems. The structure and functions of ITEM/IP components are given below.…”

“…According to McCalla and Greer (1987), intelligent computer-assisted instruction (ICAI) attempts to bridge the gap between traditional CAI systems and microworld environments. There exist a few intelligent tutoring systems in the field of programming that are able to work as tutoring or coaching systems as well as to create a friendly environment for novice programmers; namely: BIP (Barr, Beard and Atkinson, 1976), Lisp-Tutor (Anderson and Reiser,1985), ReGIS (Heines and O'Shea,1985), Bridge (Bonar and Cunningham, 1988), IPTS (Cheng, Hu and Yang, 1988), GEL (Reiser, Ranney, Lovett and Kimberg, 1989), and Ugo (Innocenti, Massucco, Persico and Sarti, 1991). One of the possible ways of constructing such an integrated intelligent system for programming is suggested in (Brusilovsky, 1987).…”

The Intelligent Helpdesk: Supporting Peer-Help in a University Course

“…This knowledge base is needed in order to "understand" the student's help -request so as to match it to relevant articles and discussion threads in CPR and to find peers with the knowledge to deal with the request. We decided to use a two-layered knowledge representation, similar to the one used in BIP [2]. On the first, coarser "topic level", the organization of the course and the activities taking place during it are represented (lectures, chapters or sub-chapters, exercises, labs, assignments, tests).…”

Taxonomy of Learning Skills

“…The Basic Instruction Program (BIP) was developed at Stanford University's Institute for Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences and was one of the first operational intelligent tutoring systems (Barr, Beard, & Atkinson, 1976;Wescourt, Beard, Gould, & Barr, 1977).' BIP teaches students how to write programs in the language BASIC, by having the student solve problems of increasing difficulty.…”