The Computer-Assisted Hypnosis Scale: Standardization and norming of a computer-administered measure of hypnotic ability.

Grant, Carolyn D.; Nash, Michael R.

doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.1.49

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In some sense, all hypnosis is self-hypnosis. Other agents, including the subject herself (Fromm & Kahn, 1990), a computer (Grant & Nash, 1995), a videotape (Repka & Nash, 1995), an audiotape (Shor & Orne, 1963), or even a typed transcript (Johnson, Dawson, Clark, & Sikorsky, 1983) may play that role. But in all cases it is necessary to measure the constellation of evidence, both subjective and objective, to validate for the presence of the HS.…”

Section: The First Cause Of Hypnosis: Efficient Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Four Causes of Hypnosis

Killeen¹,

Nash²

2003

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Aristotle's model of comprehension involves the description of a phenomenon and identification of its efficient causes (triggers), material cause (substrate), formal cause (models of structure), and final cause (function). This causal analysis provides a framework for understanding hypnosis and the hypnotic state. States are constellations of parameters within specified ranges; they name, but do not explain, a phenomenon. Concerns about reification of states are matters of semantics and pragmatics, not ontology. Isolation of efficient causes (e.g., procedure, context, social variables) is but one component of understanding. Experimental, technical, and conceptual advances have carried us into a century where the substrates and functions of hypnosis may be represented in synoptic theories that comprise all 4 causes of hypnosis.

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Section: The First Cause Of Hypnosis: Efficient Causesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Four Causes of Hypnosis

Killeen¹,

Nash²

2003

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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“…Generally, we can conclude that audio-taped hypnosis is more effective than no treatment at all, but less effective than the presence of a live hypnotherapist. Grant and Nash (1995) were the first to use computer-assisted hypnosis as a behavioural measure to assess hypnotizability. They used a digitized voice that guided subjects through a procedure and tailored software according to the subject’s unique responses and reactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Virtual reality hypnosis

Askay

Patterson

Sharar

2009

Contemporary Hypnosis

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Scientific evidence for the viability of hypnosis as a treatment for pain has flourished over the past two decades (Rainville, Duncan, Price, Carrier and Bushnell, 1997;Montgomery, DuHamel and Redd, 2000;Lang and Rosen, 2002;Patterson and Jensen, 2003). However its widespread use has been limited by factors such as the advanced expertise, time and effort required by clinicians to provide hypnosis, and the cognitive effort required by patients to engage in hypnosis.The theory in developing virtual reality hypnosis was to apply three-dimensional, immersive, virtual reality technology to guide the patient through the same steps used when hypnosis is induced through an interpersonal process. Virtual reality replaces many of the stimuli that the patients have to struggle to imagine via verbal cueing from the therapist. The purpose of this paper is to explore how virtual reality may be useful in delivering hypnosis, and to summarize the scientific literature to date. We will also explore various theoretical and methodological issues that can guide future research.In spite of the encouraging scientific and clinical findings, hypnosis for analgesia is not universally used in medical centres. One reason for the slow acceptance is the extensive provider training required in order for hypnosis to be an effective pain management modality. Training in hypnosis is not commonly offered in medical schools or even psychology graduate curricula. Another reason is that hypnosis requires far more time and effort to administer than an analgesic pill or injection. Hypnosis requires training, skill and patience to deliver in medical centres that are often fast-paced and highly demanding of clinician time. Finally, the attention and cognitive effort required for hypnosis may be more than patients in an acute care setting, who may be under the influence of opiates and benzodiazepines, are able to impart. It is a challenge to make hypnosis a standard part of care in this environment.Over the past 25 years, researchers have been investigating ways to make hypnosis more standardized and accessible. There have been a handful of studies that have looked at the efficacy of using audiotapes to provide the hypnotic intervention (Johnson and Wiese, 1979;Hart, 1980;Block, Ghoneim, Sum Ping and Ali, 1991;Enqvist, Bjorklund, Engman and Jakobsson, 1997;Eberhart, Doring, Holzrichter, Roscher and Seeling, 1998; Perugini, Kirsch, Allen, et al., 1998;Forbes, MacAuley, Chiotakakou-Faliakou, 2000;Ghoneim, Block, Sarasin, Davis and Marchman, 2000). These studies have yielded mixed results. Generally, we can conclude that audio-taped hypnosis is more effective than no treatment at all, but less effective than the presence of a live hypnotherapist. Grant and Nash (1995) were the first to use computer-assisted hypnosis as a behavioural measure to assess hypnotizability. They used a digitized voice that guided subjects through a procedure and tailored software according to the subject's unique responses and reactions. However, it utilized conventional ...

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“…Green, Barabasz, Barrett & Montgomery [24] described hypnotizability as a cognitive, multidimensional trait related to the ability to accept hypnotic suggestions and stated that it can be measured by hypnotizability scales. A number of scales are employed in research settings to assess hypnotizability such as The Hypnotic Induction Profile (HIP) [25] or Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scales (SHSS:C) [26] and a computergenerated system has been developed to test hypnotic ability [27]. While being highly hypnotizable (HH) is associated with excellent memory, a capacity for intense concentration and an easy acceptance of logical incongruities and those who fall in to this category can affiliate with new events and respond rapidly to treatment [28], being highly hypnotizable is not necessary for successful analgesia using hypnosis [23].…”

Section: The Construct Of Hypnotizabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%