The Concealed Information Test as an Instrument of Applied Differential Psychophysiology: Methodological Considerations

Furedy, John J.

doi:10.1007/s10484-009-9097-y

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The copyright holder for this preprint (which this version posted July 5, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.18.448944 doi: bioRxiv preprint responses (Gamer & Pertzov, 2018;Janisse & Bradley, 1980). In recent years, neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and stimulus-evoked brain potentials from electroencephalography (EEG), have become popular tools to record the reaction of the brain to stimuli in the CIT (Gamer, 2014;Ganis, 2014;Hu et al, 2011;Mameli et al, 2010;Zeki et al, 2004; but see also Furedy, 2009, for a note on applicability).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation

et al. 2022

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The concealed information test (CIT) relies on bodily reactions to stimuli that are hidden in mind. However, people can use countermeasures, such as purposely focusing on irrelevant things, to confound the CIT. A new method designed to prevent countermeasures uses rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) to present stimuli on the fringe of awareness. Previous studies that used RSVP in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) showed that participants exhibit a clear reaction to their real first name, even when they try to prevent such a reaction (i.e., when their name is concealed information). Since EEG is not easily applicable outside the laboratory, we investigated here whether pupil size, which is easier to measure, can also be used to detect concealed identity information. In our first study, participants adopted a fake name, and searched for this name in an RSVP task, while their pupil sizes were recorded. Apart from this fake name, their real name and a control name also appeared in the task. We found pupil dilation in response to the task-irrelevant real name, as compared to control names. However, while most participants showed this effect qualitatively, it was not statistically significant for most participants individually. In a second study, we preregistered the proof-of-concept methodology and replicated the original findings. Taken together, our results show that the current RSVP task with pupillometry can detect concealed identity information at a group level. Further development of the method is needed to create a valid and reliable concealed identity information detector at the individual level.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation

et al. 2022

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“…It is The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 18, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.18.448944 doi: bioRxiv preprint imaging (fMRI), and stimulus-evoked brain potentials from electroencephalography (EEG), have become popular tools to record the reaction of the brain to the stimuli in the CIT (Gamer, 2014;Ganis, 2014;Hu et al, 2011;Mameli et al, 2010;Zeki et al, 2004). Although it might be noted that a measurement that is simpler and costs less, for example, electrodermal activity rather than fMRI, could be more easily adopted in forensic applications (Furedy, 2009), the CIT has proven capable of detecting concealed information across a range of measures (Ambach et al, 2010(Ambach et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measures include autonomic-nervous-system responses that indicate levels of arousal, such as heart rate, respiration, and electrodermal activity (Kleiner, 2002; Rosenfeld et al, 2007), as well as eye movements, such as fixations, saccades, blinks, and pupil responses (Gamer & Pertzov, 2018; Janisse & Bradley, 1980). In recent years, neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and stimulus-evoked brain potentials from electroencephalography (EEG), have become popular tools to record the reaction of the brain to stimuli in the CIT (Gamer, 2014; Ganis, 2014; Hu et al, 2011; Mameli et al, 2010; Zeki et al, 2004; but see also Furedy, 2009, for a note on applicability).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation

Chen

Karabay

Mathôt

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The concealed information test (CIT) relies on bodily reactions to stimuli that are hidden in mind. However, people can use countermeasures, such as purposely focusing on irrelevant things, to confound the CIT. A new method designed to prevent the use of countermeasures, based on rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), presents each stimulus on the fringe of awareness. Previous studies that used RSVP in combination with electroencephalography (EEG) showed that participants exhibit a clear reaction to their real first name, when they pretend to have a different name, even when they try to prevent such a reaction. Since EEG measures are not easily applicable outside the laboratory, we investigated here whether pupil size, which is easier to measure, is also able to detect concealed identity information. In our study, 31 participants were asked to adopt a fake name, and search for this name in an RSVP task, while their pupil sizes were recorded. Apart from this fake name, their real name and a control name also appeared in the task. We found that the pupil dilated more in response to the task-irrelevant real name, as compared to control names. However, while most participants showed this effect qualitatively, it was not statistically significant for most participants when analysed individually. Taken together, our results show that the current RSVP task with pupillometry can detect concealed identity information at a group level. Further development of the method is needed to create a valid and reliable concealed identity information detector at the individual level.

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“…The GKT is based on the assumption that suspects who possess knowledge about specific crime related details will be physiologically more reactive to crime-relevant questions than crime-irrelevant questions, by utilizing a series of multiple-choice questions, each having one crime-relevant question and several control questions (4). GKT relies on a solid scientific principle, called an orienting response (OR), which is an elicited response caused by a novel stimulus or a familiar stimulus with relevance or “signal value” (5, 6), and it has been shown that guilty knowledge has an added signal value (7). That is, people who have guilty knowledge show a stronger OR to crime-relevant questions than to other questions, whereas all questions elicit equivalent responses from truth tellers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional Avoidance for Guilty Knowledge Among Deceptive Individuals

Kim

Lee

2019

Front. Psychiatry

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The purpose of the present study is to differentiate between innocent suspects who have knowledge of crime information and guilty suspects. The study investigated eye-movement differences among three groups: a guilty group who took part in a mock crime, an innocent-aware group who did not commit a mock crime but were exposed to the crime stimuli, and an innocent-unaware group who neither committed a mock crime nor had crime-relevant information. Each group's eye movements were tracked while all participants viewed stimuli (crime-relevant, crime-irrelevant, and neutral). The results revealed that the guilty group not only viewed all stimuli later than the other groups, they also viewed crime-relevant and crime-irrelevant stimuli for a shorter time period than the innocent-aware group; the innocent-aware group focused their attention on crime-relevant and crime-irrelevant stimuli longer than neutral stimuli, and the innocent-unaware group showed no differences in their attention focus among all types of stimuli. This present study suggests that guilty individuals show attentional avoidance from all stimuli in a lie detection situation, whereas innocent-aware and innocent-unaware individuals did not show avoidance responses.

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The Concealed Information Test as an Instrument of Applied Differential Psychophysiology: Methodological Considerations

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation

Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation

Concealed identity information detection with pupillometry in rapid serial visual presentation

Attentional Avoidance for Guilty Knowledge Among Deceptive Individuals

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