The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere1

Benson, Bruce B.; Krause, Daniel

doi:10.4319/lo.1984.29.3.0620

Cited by 846 publications

(543 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The time needed to reach isotopic equilibrium was at least 16 h, but most of the experiments were carried out for 30-40 h. Bubbling was stopped 2 h before sampling. The measured ␦ 18 O in the equilibrium experiments agreed to within 0.05‰ with the equilibrium value of Benson and Krause (1984), and the O 2 /Ar ratio was within 0.1% of the equilibrium concentrations (Benson and Krause 1984;Krause and Benson 1989).…”

Section: Field and Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Craig and Haywart (1987) first suggested the logic for such an application of oxygen and argon data. The temperature dependence of the solubility of these gases is almost identical (Benson and Krause 1984;Krause and Benson 1989); thus, deviations from the equilibrium ratio reflect biological consumption/production. The biologically forced flux of O 2 from or into the lake is calculated as…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Significance Of O 2 Uptake Mechanisms-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of ␦(O 2 /Ar) o was obtained from published solubility data (Benson and Krause 1984;Krause and Benson 1989) as Ϫ88.8‰, and it is almost constant over the range of temperature variations in the lake. The calculated rates of NF and R epi (equals GP( 18 O) Ϫ NF) are given in Table 3.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Significance Of O 2 Uptake Mechanisms-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxygen solubilities (C o , Table 3) were taken from Benson and Krause (1984) and corrected for the partial pressure of O 2 at the elevation of the surface of Lake Kinneret. The piston velocity (k, Table 3) was estimated from measured wind speeds using the empirical relationship of Clark et al (1995).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Significance Of O 2 Uptake Mechanisms-mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of community respiratory mechanisms with oxygen isotopes: A case study in Lake Kinneret

Luz

Barkan

Sagi

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

125

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Gross and net O 2 production between May 1996 and February 1999 was determined in bottle incubation experiments with H 2 18 O spike and from the change in O 2 concentration. Carbon fixation rates were obtained from 14 C incubations. In general, production rates determined using the H 2 18 O-spike were about twice the primary production determined by the 14 C method, where the latter was close to net oxygen evolution. These relationships are similar to results for the open ocean. During the spring bloom, when the dinoflagellate Peridinium was abundant, the ratio of gross O 2 production to carbon fixation was about 7.5, and net O 2 production was greater than carbon fixation. The difference between O 2 gross production and carbon fixation results, at least in part, from uptake by Mehler reaction and from recycling of the 14 C tracer by dark respiration and the alternative oxidase (AOX). We used the difference in isotopic discrimination against 18 O, occurring during O 2 consumption by various biological pathways, to place constraints on the relative engagement of these pathways. We estimated the overall discrimination against 18 O in the lake from O 2 isotopic mass balance as 20.5-29‰. The only mechanism that can explain the strong overall fractionation in the lake is AOX, which strongly discriminates against 18 O (ϳ31‰). Our results show, for the first time, that uptake by AOX is widespread and quantitatively important to oxygen consumption in aquatic systems.Oxygen exchange by photosynthesis and respiration is the largest biogeochemical cycle in aquatic systems. In order to understand this cycle, it is necessary to know the gross rates of the major processes involved in oxygen production and uptake. Production of O 2 is known to occur in one process in photosystem II, but O 2 consumption in aquatic organisms is possible by several reactions. These include ordinary respiration through the cytochrome oxidase pathway, respiration by the alternative oxidase pathway, Mehler reaction, and photorespiration. The first two processes take place in light as well as in dark conditions, whereas the latter two occur only under illumination. Although the presence of the above mechanisms has been established in different studies, their quantitative importance in the overall O 2 uptake in aquatic systems is not well known, and it is necessary to assess their role in natural environments. In this respect, ordinary O 2 incubation methods, which are very useful for the assessment of photosynthetic production from light-and dark-incubation experiments (e.g., Williams and Purdie 1991), do not provide the necessary information. The main drawback of these methods is their inability to measure the rate of O 2 AcknowledgmentsWe thank Y. Geiffman and the Mekorot Watershed Unit for provision of wind data and extend special thanks to the Kinneret Limnological Laboratory skipper M. Hatab. We are grateful

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Section: Field and Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Evaluation Of the Significance Of O 2 Uptake Mechanisms-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of the Significance Of O 2 Uptake Mechanisms-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of the Significance Of O 2 Uptake Mechanisms-mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of community respiratory mechanisms with oxygen isotopes: A case study in Lake Kinneret

Luz

Barkan

Sagi

et al. 2002

Limnology & Oceanography

125

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“…The oxygen solubility sensitive to the temperature and salinity (the higher the temperature and the salinity, the lower the solubility (Benson, Krause, 1984)) could be responsible for the fact that the water was more bubbly during the light period in the experiments with higher temperature. Thus the diel variation of the echo energy was stronger in two previous experiments It is difficult to explain completely the difference in the impact between our study and previous measurements because of the lack of:…”

Section: The Diel Variation Of the Echo Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Microphytobenthos Photosynthesis on the Characteristics of the Echo Signal from Baltic Sandy Sediments

Gorska¹,

Kowalska-Duda²,

Marszal³

et al. 2015

Archives of Acoustics

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The understanding the influence of biological processes on the characteristics of the signals backscattered by the sea floor is crucial in the development of the hydroacoustical benthic habitat classification techniques. The impact of the microphytobenthos photosynthesis on the acoustical backscattering properties of the Atlantic sandy sediments was previously demonstrated by Holliday et al. (2004) and Wildman and Huettel (2012).To account for the sensitivity of the hydroacoustical classification techniques to the backscattering properties of local marine sediments, it is important to understand the microphytobenthos photosynthesis impact for the Baltic Sea where the techniques are being actively developed now. This is the main motivation of the paper.In the paper the influence of the microphytobenthos photosynthesis on the characteristics of the echo signals reflected by sandy sediments in the typical Baltic temperature and the salinity conditions is discussed. The interdisciplinary multiday laboratory experiment was conducted to study the impact of benthic microalgal photosynthesis on the characteristics of the echo signal reflected by sandy sediments. Hydroacoustical data were collected under controlled constant light, temperature and salinity conditions. The oxygen content at different levels of the water column was simultaneously monitored.

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The triple oxygen isotope tracer of primary productivity in a dynamic ocean model

Nicholson

Stanley

Doney

2014

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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The triple oxygen isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen ( 17 Δ dis ) was added to the ocean ecosystem and biogeochemistry component of the Community Earth System Model, version 1.1.1. Model simulations were used to investigate the biological and physical dynamics of 17 Δ dis and assess its application as a tracer of gross photosynthetic production (gross oxygen production (GOP)) of O 2 in the ocean mixed layer. The model reproduced large-scale patterns of 17 Δ dis found in observational data across diverse biogeographical provinces. Mixed layer model performance was best in the Pacific and had a negative bias in the North Atlantic and a positive bias in the Southern Ocean. Based on model results, the steady state equation commonly used to calculate GOP from tracer values overestimated the globally averaged model GOP by 29%. Vertical entrainment/mixing and the time rate of change of 17 Δ dis were the two largest sources of bias when applying the steady state method to calculate GOP. Entrainment/mixing resulted in the largest overestimation in midlatitudes and during summer and fall and almost never caused an underestimation of GOP. The tracer time rate of change bias resulted both in underestimation of GOP (e.g., during spring blooms at high latitudes) and overestimation (e.g., during the summer following a bloom). Seasonally, bias was highest in the fall (September-October-November in the Northern Hemisphere, March-April-May in the Southern), overestimating GOP by 62%, globally averaged. Overall, the steady state method was most accurate in equatorial and low-latitude regions where it estimated GOP to within ±10%. Field applicable correction terms are derived for entrainment and mixing that capture 86% of model vertical bias and require only mixed layer depth history and triple oxygen isotope measurements from two depths.

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The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere1

Cited by 846 publications

References 9 publications

Evaluation of community respiratory mechanisms with oxygen isotopes: A case study in Lake Kinneret

Evaluation of community respiratory mechanisms with oxygen isotopes: A case study in Lake Kinneret

Impact of Microphytobenthos Photosynthesis on the Characteristics of the Echo Signal from Baltic Sandy Sediments

The triple oxygen isotope tracer of primary productivity in a dynamic ocean model

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