The concentration effect of selected acaricides present in beeswax foundation on the survival of <i>Apis mellifera</i> colonies

Medici, Sandra Karina; Castro, Alicia Susana; Sarlo, Edgardo G.; Marioli, Juan M.; Eguaras, Martín Javier

doi:10.3896/ibra.1.51.2.03

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Methods for investigating cell cappings (Goetz & Koeniger, 1992;Hepburn, 1998). Method for research on mechanical properties of beeswax, such as electromechanical test system methodology (Buchwald et al, 2006(Buchwald et al, , 2009, investigation of beeswax viscoelasticity and resistance to deformation (Shellhammer, Rumsey, & Krochta, 1997), determination of fracture toughness (Kurstjens, Hepburn, Schoening, & Davidson, 1985), investigation of tensile properties (Zhang, Duan, Karihaloo, & Wang, 2010), honeycomb vibratory signals tested by laser -Doppler vibrometers (Sandeman et al, 1996;Tautz & Lindauer, 1997;Tautz et al, 2001), research on crystal texture and alterations (Davidson & Hepburn, 1986;Hepburn & Kurstjens, 1988;Kurstjens et al, 1985;Kurstjens, Mcclain, & Hepburn, 1990), and optical and X ray diffraction studies (Mellema, 2009;Nikolova, Panchev, Kovacheva, & Pashova, 2009). Methods for investigating wax role in nestmate recognition (Breed, Garry et al, 1995Breed, 1998;D'ettorre et al, 2006).…”

Section: Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard methods forApis melliferabeeswax research

Svečnjak

Chesson

Gallina

et al. 2019

Journal of Apicultural Research

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Due to its multifunctional and complex role in the honey bee colony functioning and health (construction material allowing food storage, brood rearing, thermoregulation, mediation in chemical and mechanical communication, substrate for pathogens, toxins and waste), Apis mellifera beeswax has been widely studied over the last five decades. This is supported by a comprehensive set of scientific reports covering different aspects of beeswax research. In this article, we present an overview of the methods for studying chemical, biological, constructional, and quality aspects of beeswax. We provide a detailed description of the methods for investigating wax scales, comb construction and growth pattern, cell properties, chemical composition of beeswax using different analytical tools, as well as the analytical procedures for provenancing beeswax and beeswax-derived compounds based on the hydrogen isotope ratio (IRMS). Along with classical physico-chemical and sensory analysis, we describe more precise and accurate methods for detection of adulterants in beeswax (GC-MS and FTIR-ATR). Moreover, we present methods for studying the influence of beeswax (comb foundation) adulteration on comb construction. Analytical protocols for determining the pesticide residues using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques are also described. As beeswax is an agent of high risk for the transmission of bee diseases, we present methods for detection of pathogens in beeswax. To ensure the reproducibility of experiments and results, we present best practice approaches and detailed protocols for all methods described, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.

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Section: Advantagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standard methods forApis melliferabeeswax research

Svečnjak

Chesson

Gallina

et al. 2019

Journal of Apicultural Research

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“…Acaricide contamination is pervasive in managed colonies, but it is unknown what fraction of these compounds can leach out of wax and into adult bees and developing brood. The burden of acaricides and other pesticides in old wax brood comb is sufficient to reduce brood survival [54], delay the development time of larvae and reduce the lifespan of adult workers [55], and increase the susceptibility of adults to Nosema infection [56]. Combinatorial effects between acaricides and other pesticides present in the wax [3] may be contributing to the observed negative effects of old comb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acaricide, Fungicide and Drug Interactions in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2013

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BackgroundChemical analysis shows that honey bees (Apis mellifera) and hive products contain many pesticides derived from various sources. The most abundant pesticides are acaricides applied by beekeepers to control Varroa destructor. Beekeepers also apply antimicrobial drugs to control bacterial and microsporidial diseases. Fungicides may enter the hive when applied to nearby flowering crops. Acaricides, antimicrobial drugs and fungicides are not highly toxic to bees alone, but in combination there is potential for heightened toxicity due to interactive effects.Methodology/Principal FindingsLaboratory bioassays based on mortality rates in adult worker bees demonstrated interactive effects among acaricides, as well as between acaricides and antimicrobial drugs and between acaricides and fungicides. Toxicity of the acaricide tau-fluvalinate increased in combination with other acaricides and most other compounds tested (15 of 17) while amitraz toxicity was mostly unchanged (1 of 15). The sterol biosynthesis inhibiting (SBI) fungicide prochloraz elevated the toxicity of the acaricides tau-fluvalinate, coumaphos and fenpyroximate, likely through inhibition of detoxicative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity. Four other SBI fungicides increased the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate in a dose-dependent manner, although possible evidence of P450 induction was observed at the lowest fungicide doses. Non-transitive interactions between some acaricides were observed. Sublethal amitraz pre-treatment increased the toxicity of the three P450-detoxified acaricides, but amitraz toxicity was not changed by sublethal treatment with the same three acaricides. A two-fold change in the toxicity of tau-fluvalinate was observed between years, suggesting a possible change in the genetic composition of the bees tested.Conclusions/SignificanceInteractions with acaricides in honey bees are similar to drug interactions in other animals in that P450-mediated detoxication appears to play an important role. Evidence of non-transivity, year-to-year variation and induction of detoxication enzymes indicates that pesticide interactions in bees may be as complex as drug interactions in mammals.

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“…There are known impacts of these compounds on bees. For example, the presence of fluvalinate and amitraz in beeswax adversely affected the survival of Apis mellifera colonies in one study . Thus, it seems prudent to determine the potential impacts that these compounds may have on immature honey bees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%