The Concentration of Immunoglobulins A, G, and M in Cow Milk and Blood in Relation with Cow Seasonal Keeping and Pathogens Presence in the Udder

Abstract

The Concentration of Immunoglobulins A, G, and M in Cow Milk and Blood in Relation with Cow Seasonal Keeping and Pathogens Presence in the UdderRecent studies show that immunoglobulins A, G, and M contribute significantly to the maintenance of udder health. Unfortunately, the concentration of immunoglobulins in cow milk during the middle period of lactation is low therefore the question of how to stimulate and maintain a sufficient level and spectrum of antibodies in the udder is topical. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dynamics of the amount of immunoglobulins A, G, and M in cow milk and blood serum in relation with the cow seasonal keeping and presence of pathogens in the udder. The experimental part of the study was carried out on the dairy farm "Pērles", Valmiera region. Cows were kept in a cold loose housing system, grouped and fed differently depending on cow productivity and lactation period. Two times in the housing period and two times in the grazing period milk and blood were sampled from 16 dairy cows and examined for the concentration of immunoglobulins A, G, and M and for the presence of pathogens. Cows for the study were selected with the aim to analyze the milk obtained from clinically healthy udder quarters of cows of similar-age and productivity in the middle stage of lactation. It was determined that seasonal keeping of cows had significantly affected the concentration of immunoglobulins G and A in milk (p<0.001), and of immunoglobulins A, G, and M in blood serum (p<0.001). Some pathogenic bacteria species infecting the udder quarters had considerably influenced the values of immunoglobulins G, A, and M (p<0.05,p<0.001, andp<0.001, respectively) in blood serum. A wide variation amplitude of immunoglobulin G, A, and M concentration in milk and blood serum was observed, which indicates the important role of the individual factor of an animal in the formation of animal defence response.

Concentration of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in cows’ milk in relation to health status of the udder, lactation and season

“…The present research data are in agreement with the results of Hagiwara et al (2003) where LF concentration in quarters of cows infected with S.aureus and with other streptococci species were higher in comparison to CNS (coagulase negative staphylococcus). Investigations by Chaneton et al (2008) and Kocina et al (2012) showed that LF and IgG concentrations are induced by different bacteria, with Streptococcus uberis causing the highest increase. Kocina et al (2012) indicated that in the case of S.aureus infection the IgG mean value was lower even than in healthy quarter milk.…”

“…Investigations by Chaneton et al (2008) and Kocina et al (2012) showed that LF and IgG concentrations are induced by different bacteria, with Streptococcus uberis causing the highest increase. Kocina et al (2012) indicated that in the case of S.aureus infection the IgG mean value was lower even than in healthy quarter milk.…”

“…The same tendency of LF was also shown by Chaneton et al (2013), but no significant differences were observed between quarters. Kocina et al (2012) reported that IgG mean values in milk samples with pathogenic agents and without pathogens differed slightly and insignificantly.…”

“…If the activity of the immunological system is reduced or the virulence of pathogenic microorganisms is high, infection, partly eliminated, may continue for a longer period, and this process becomes apparent as subclinical or chronic mastitis (Ali-Vehmas and Sandholm 1995). Investigations indicate that those humoral immunity components as IgG and antibacterial factor of the udder LF play an important role in the immunological defence response of the cow udder (Korhonen and Kaartinen 1995, Marnila and Korhonen 2002, Kocina et al 2012.…”

Perfil bioquímico, inclusive proteinograma, do soro lácteo de búfalas primíparas e pluríparas sadias ao longo da lactação

“…Segundo dados do IBGE (2014), em 2013 a população de búfalos no país era de 1,33 milhão de animais, sendo que a região Sudeste apresentou um aumento de 4,3% do rebanho relativamente a 2012. O maior interesse pela criação de bubalinos deve-se ao fato da búfala produzir leite com características peculiares, com teor de sólidos que supera consideravelmente o do leite de vaca.…”