The concentration of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in drinking water and non-carcinogenic risk assessment: A case study in Bandar Abbas, Iran

Ghaffari, Hamid Reza; Kamari, Zohreh; Ranaei, Vahid; Pilevar, Zahra; Akbari, Mitra; Moridi, Mashallah; Khedher, Khaled Mohamed; Thai, Van Nam; Fakhri, Yadolah; Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.111567

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Oral reference dose of PTEs indicated by RfD O . RfD O (mg/kg.day) for Cd, As- inorganic, Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe, Zn, Al and Pb using 0.001, 0.0003, 0.011, 0.04, 0.003, 0.7, 0.3, 1 and 0.0035, respectively [ 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment

Pirhadi

Alikord

Tajdar-Oranj

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment

Pirhadi

Alikord

Tajdar-Oranj

et al. 2022

Heliyon

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“…1, and RfD (mg/kg.day) de nes as an oral reference dose of HMs. In present study, the human risk of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd was assessed which their RfD was 0.0035 mg/kg.day, 0.04 mg/kg.day, 0.3 mg/kg.day, 0.0003 mg/kg.day, and 0.001 mg/kg.day, respectively [40][41][42].…”

Section: Non-carcinogenic Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Toxic Metals concentration among High-Rate Food crops in Iran: A probabilistic Risk Assessment

Ghalhari

Fahiminia

Alimohammadi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Ingestion has been as an important pathway which can increase the intake of various chemical pollutants such as toxic heavy metals (HMs) into body; vegetables and high-rate food crops can contain high HMs concentration based on their irrigation water source. However, vegetable consumption can reduce the incidence of various diseases and disabilities. This study aimed to measure the concentration of HMs in the crops, and evaluation the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks. In the present study, 30 crop samples were collected from popular Qom market, then the HMs concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd were 21.1 ± 7.14, 156.44 ± 129.02, 288.46 ± 114.59, 31.51 ± 16.95, and 26.96 ± 23.01 µg/kg in crops samples, respectively. Also results shown that the rank order of HMs concentration of HI was As > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb and for ELCR was Cd > As > Pb among children and adults. The 95th percentile of calculated hazard index (HI) of Pb, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd among children and adults were 2.84 and 1.88, respectively (target HI > 1.0). Therefore, continuous consumption of crops can cause adverse health effects in children and adults. Also, the 95th percentile of calculated ELCR of Pb, As, and Cd among children and adults were 5.93E-06 and 1.84E-05, respectively, because of the ELCR value in this group is in the WHO target, so, before either taking action or designing low priority, further investigation was required.

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“…The presence of a high concentration of Pb in the ore processing water is a serious matter of worry and the potential for human contact, as the water is discharged to the main water bodies, and in some instances, the miners drink the water directly without any cautions (Mohammadi et al, 2019). This calls for immediate awareness and remediation studies as the accumulation of this metal has a cumulative fatal effect and is a probable human carcinogen (Ghaffari et al, 2021). All the samples revealed a detectable concentration of iron and cadmium, and all have a concentration above the maximum permissible values for surface and drinking water.…”

Section: Heavy Metals Status In the Water And The Allowable Concentra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Consequence of Artisanal Gold Mining on Heavy Metals Exposure to Water in Anka, Zamfara State Nigeria

Yahaya

Abdu

Isa

2022

DASJ

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Over the decade many villages in Zamfara State Nigeria were known for artisanal gold mining which caused pollution of vast water bodies and area of land. This makes it imperative to analyze heavy metal contamination in wells and surface water. The present study evaluated the concentrations of heavy metals (iron, lead, cadmium, zinc, nickel, and chromium) in the ore processing water and well-water in some selected villages of Anka local government area in Zamfara State where mining is taking place. Anka town served as control due to absence of mining activities. The concentrations of heavy metals in the water samples were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentration of Fe, Pb, and Cd ranged from 23.3 – 921.46, 0 – 132.8, and 3.3 – 4.1 ppm respectively. While Zn, Ni, and Cr were not detected in the water samples. Virtually all the detected heavy metals in the water samples exceeded the international organizations (WHO, USEPA, and EPA-EUC) maximum permissible limit of 0.3 – 1.00, 0.01 – 0.05, and 0.03 – 0.05 ppm of Fe, Pb, and Cd in water samples respectively. Interestingly, all the well-water from all the study locations was not contaminated with Pb despite its high concentrations in the processing water. Meanwhile both the processing water and well water were contaminated with Fe and Cd. These revealed that artisanal gold mining is contributing to the pollution of surface water bodies (used for irrigation and drinking) with Pb, while Fe and Cd may be in addition to their abundance in natural soil deposits.

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The concentration of potentially hazardous elements (PHEs) in drinking water and non-carcinogenic risk assessment: A case study in Bandar Abbas, Iran

Cited by 23 publications

References 94 publications

Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment

Potential toxic elements (PTEs) concentration in wheat and flour products in Iran: A probabilistic risk assessment

Distribution of Toxic Metals concentration among High-Rate Food crops in Iran: A probabilistic Risk Assessment

The Consequence of Artisanal Gold Mining on Heavy Metals Exposure to Water in Anka, Zamfara State Nigeria

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