The concept of a quiet undulating propulsion with ionic polymer-metal composites in autonomous underwater vehicles

Abstract

Purpose: Recent years have shown a dynamic development of underwater robotics. Autonomous biomimetic underwater vehicles (BUVs) with undulating propulsion are the latest branch in this area. They imitate not only the construction of underwater living organisms such as fish, but also kinematics of their motion. Such solution gives more energy efficient propulsion with less noise comparing to classical propulsion based on screw propellers [1]. However even the latest solutions still use the same electromagnetic engines to drive those sophisticated constructions. This article contains the concept of a ionic polymer-metal composites drive, design for undulating propulsion. Design/methodology/approach: Design of the new type of fin requires further tests and presented model takes under the consideration influence of only few factors described in this paper. Findings: Results of the research confirm theoretical behaviour of IPMC’s (Ionic Polymer- Metal Composites) and show some disadvantages of this type of materials. Research limitations/implications: The effects of the research are limited to macroscopic observation with limited accuracy. Practical implications: Results of the research show possible future application of IPMC’s (in underwater robotics). Originality/value: Results of this research opens a new idea which with further tests may result in developing a new quiet undulating propulsion for BUV’s.

Progress in Additive Manufacturing

“…Gas metal arc welding (GMWA) is a type of welding, otherwise called MIG/MAG welding. When using this type of welding, the metal transfer is carried out in one of four main ways: large-drop without electrical short, medium-size droplet transfer without electrical short, and jet transfer [53]. Each of them has its characteristics.…”

“…The current is reduced to a minimum at the moment of a short circuit, and the welding wire is pulled back to facilitate the separation of the droplet. The wire is fed back into the welding bath, the arc is ignited, and a new welding cycle begins [53,55] Gas atomization methods consist in spraying a liquid metal stream with a high-speed gas stream. Air, argon, nitrogen, helium, or mixtures of gases can be used as gas.…”