The concept of information

GEO-CEOS stage 4 validation of the Satellite Image Automatic Mapper lightweight computer program for ESA Earth observation level 2 product generation – Part 2: Validation

“…This reduced set of 19 spectral macro-categories was constrained to be mutually exclusive and totally exhaustive, in line with the Congalton and Green’s requirements of a classification scheme (Congalton & Green, 1999). Such a grouping of BC names into parent spectral macro-categories scrutinized and agreed upon by a human expert pertains to the inherently equivocal (subjective) domain of information-as-data-interpretation ; refer to the Part 1, Chapter 4 (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003). Among the 19 spectral macro-categories reassembled by the independent human expert, 16 macro-categories coincided exactly with one BC name in the SIAM set of 48 BC names at intermediate granularity.…”

“…The visionary goal of GEOSS cannot be considered fulfilled by the remote sensing (RS) community to date. In the terminology of philosophical hermeneutics, the problem is not a lack of sensory data, but our lack of knowledge in transforming big sensory data into quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing and qualitative/equivocal information-as-data-interpretation (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003). Such a lack of knowledge causes the so-called data-rich, information-poor (DRIP) syndrome (Bernus & Noran, 2017), supported by undisputable observations (true-facts).…”

“…This novel protocol incorporates two original contributions of the Part 1 where, first, a hybrid (combined deductive and inductive) eight-step guideline was proposed to streamline a human decision maker in the identification of a binary relationship, R: A ⇒ B ⊆ A × B, from categorical variable A to categorical variable B estimated from the same population, where A ≠ B in general and A × B is the 2-fold Cartesian product (product set). This is an inherently ill-posed (equivocal, subjective) information-as-data-interpretation process (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003) belonging to the multi-disciplinary domain of cognitive science, refer to Figure 13 in the Part 1. The proposed hybrid eight-step guideline is of practical use because identification of a binary relationship, R: A ⇒ B, is mandatory to guide the interpretation process of a bivariate frequency table, BIVRFTAB = FrequencyCount(A × B) ≠ R: A ⇒ B ⊆ A × B, where A ≠ B in general.…”

GEO-CEOS stage 4 validation of the Satellite Image Automatic Mapper lightweight computer program for ESA Earth observation level 2 product generation - Part 1: Theory

“…Equivalent to two sides of the same coin, these two variables are very closely related to each other and cannot be separated, even though they seem different. The first side of the ESA EO Level 2 information primitive is a multivariate numeric variable of the highest radiometric quality, related to the concept of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing in the terminology of philosophical hermeneutics (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003), see Figure 1. The second side of the ESA EO Level 2 information unit is an EO data-derived SCM, equivalent to a categorical variable of semantic value, related to the concept of qualitative/equivocal information-as-data-interpretation in the terminology of philosophical hermeneutics (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003).…”

“…The first side of the ESA EO Level 2 information primitive is a multivariate numeric variable of the highest radiometric quality, related to the concept of quantitative/unequivocal information-as-thing in the terminology of philosophical hermeneutics (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003), see Figure 1. The second side of the ESA EO Level 2 information unit is an EO data-derived SCM, equivalent to a categorical variable of semantic value, related to the concept of qualitative/equivocal information-as-data-interpretation in the terminology of philosophical hermeneutics (Capurro & Hjørland, 2003). In practice, ESA EO Level 2 product generation is a chicken-and-egg dilemma (Riano, Chuvieco, Salas, & Aguado, 2003), synonym of inherently ill-posed problem in the Hadamard sense (Hadamard, 1902).…”