The article deals with the specificity of intellectual labor in the modern society. The author criticizes the optimistic neoliberal model of the transformation of labor activity and refers to the risk-based approach. The paper identifies four levels of manifestation of contemporary social risks: normative, institutional, value and communication. At each level, it is possible to single out specific risks of the onset of cognitive capitalism, which testifies to the risky nature of intellectual labor itself, as well as the emergence of not only new forms of sociality, but also new types of social conflicts.