“…For example, in terms of performance, Oldham, Kulik and Stepina (1991) find that open-plan offices reduce employee performance on simple tasks and improve performance on complex tasks, while Block and Stokes (1989) find that performance is better in a private setting for those working on complex tasks and in offices is that open-plan offices improve collaboration (Vischer, 1999(Vischer, , 2006. Furthermore, researchers, such as Boutellier et al (2008), have suggested that the main way office space can shape organisational outcomes, such as innovation and performance, is by changing the patterns of communication among employees (see also Monge et al, 1985;Waber et al, 2014).…”