The Conception of Integrated Survey Networks Composed of Modular Networks and GPS Vectors

Abstract

The main feature of the modular network method is a possibility of quickly establishing the measurement network with concurrent tachymetric measurement of situational details. The network is established on site, without being earlier designed in any way. Sites are usually selected in any place and treated as temporary (lost) points. This paper puts forward a proposal to strengthen the structure of modular networks with GPS measurements. GPS vectors can be adjusted together with the modular network. What is obtained as a result, are the coordinates of tie (connecting) points, which are necessary for the final transformation to the reference coordinate system. Measurement results can be adjusted with the use of multi-group transformation. The method leads to the solution of a system of conditional equations with unknowns. The issue of numerical development may be related to integrated networks considered as 2-or 3-dimensional structures.

Accuracy analysis of satellite measurements of the measurement geodetic control network on the southern Spitsbergen

“…5 cm in the horizontal plane and approx. 15 cm in the vertical plane, similarly like in literature revue [7,11]. Similarity of the obtained measurement results was noted in each of the measurement campaigns and the differences appear between the measurement sessions.…”

“…Polar regions, which are very difficult to measure directly due to specificity of these regions, natural conditions, as well as legal-organizational restrictions, constitute a very interesting area of research [6]. In polar areas, often behind the polar circle, the measurement control networks are established, whose coordinates are determined on the basis of satellite measurements [7,8]. Due to the lack of reference points, the most commonly applied measurement method is the GNSS measurement, in reference to the GLONASS and GPS positioning system, whose results are developed in the post-processing [9].…”

Determination of geodetic control network points using GPS technology for the purpose of monitoring power lines in difficult terrain conditions

“…Of course, the best solution would be to apply an integrated measurement method (both classical and GPS). That, however, would require an appropriate preparation of observations at the stage of numerical analysis of results (consisting in bringing different types of observation down to one mathematical model [Gargula 2009]). This latter issue will be the topic for further studies into geodetic control methods of power lines.…”

Adjustment of an Integrated Geodetic Network Composed of GNSS Vectors and Classical Terrestrial Linear Pseudo-Observations

“…It is necessary to pre-process the observations in both cases. This process can include the projection of GNSS vectors onto an ellipsoid (calculating the length of a geodetic line and its original azimuth), projection of classical observations (horizontal distances) onto the surface of an ellipsoid (calculating the projection corrections), or transformation of GNSS vectors (∆X, ∆Y, ∆Z) onto a horizontal plane [10][11][12][13]. The determination of the height of the GNSS network points (e.g., calculation of ellipsoidal heights and their conversion into values referenced to the local model of geoid) is a separate computational stage [14][15][16][17].…”