The Conceptual Framework of Ichnology

Pemberton, S. George; Frey, Robert W.; Ranger, Michael J.; MacEachern, James A.

doi:10.2110/cor.92.01.0001

Cited by 72 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…The results are summarized according to Pemberton et al's (1992) classification of degree of bioturbation, that is laminated mudstone (Type 1), partly laminated mudstone with small trace fossils such as Chondorites (Type 2), massive mudstone with weak lamination and small trace fossils such as Chondorites (Type 3) and massive mudstone with larger trace fossils such as Zoophycos (Type 4). They are correlated in biofacies to anaerobic, anaerobic to dysaerobic, dysaerobic, and aerobic, respectively (e.g., Pemberton et al, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of trace fossil and sedimentary structure observations, and the corresponding bioturbation classifications according to Pemberton et al's (1992) criteria, are tabulated in Table 3, and typical photographs of the different samples are shown in Figure 4. About half of mudstones in the Hokuroku basin are of Type 4 bioturbation, typified by a massive structure and the presence of large trace fossils, and the other half are of Types 2 and 3, containing some laminations and smaller trace fossils.…”

Section: Trace Fossils and Sedimentary Structures In Mudstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trace fossils reveal the activities of benthic animals below a sediment/water interface, and degrees of bioturbation indicated using Pemberton et al's (1992) criteria compare well to dissolved oxygen concentrations in bottom water, that is, Type 1 corresponds to anoxic conditions (~0 ml O2/l), Type 2 to anoxic or suboxic conditions (<0.1 ml O2/l), Type 3 to suboxic or dysoxic conditions (0.1-0.3 ml O2/l), and Type 4 to dysoxic or oxic conditions (>0.3 ml O2/l). The present data are indicative of an aerobic bottom water environment for the majority of mudstones, and anoxic to dysoxic conditions for some of the Msyn and M post mudstones.…”

Section: Depositional Environment Of the Mudstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Fossils and Sulfur Isotopes in Mudstones around the Kuroko Deposits in the Hokuroku Basin, Northeast Japan: An Attempt to Delineate the Depositional Environment

et al. 2004

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A comprehensive investigation was carried out on the distribution of both trace fossils and sulfur isotopes in mudstones in the Hokuroku district, northeast Japan, in the hope of delineating the depositional environment of the mudstones in which the Kuroko deposits are embedded. The mudstones are generally massive in structure and usually contain large trace fossils, being indicative of an aerobic biofacies. On the other hand, some mudstones in and above the Kuroko ore horizon are partly laminated and usually contain smaller trace fossils, being assignable to an anaerobic or dysaerobic biofacies. The δ 34 S values of sulfides in the mudstones above and below the ore horizon range from -40 to -12 ‰, indicating mostly oxic depositional conditions in equilibrium with the inferred aerobic biofacies. In the mudstones in the ore horizon, the δ 34 S values exhibit regionally discriminated variations: -44 to -12 ‰ in areas far (>1 km) from the known Kuroko deposits and -24 to +6 ‰ in areas closer to them. The latter high δ 34 S group implies the temporal occurrence of local anoxic basins in the vicinity of the known Kuroko deposits. At the time of late Nishikurosawa Stage (i.e. the currently assumed Kuroko metallogenic epoch), an intense oceanic stagnation is suggested to have taken place to form the local anoxic basins responsible for the formation and preservation of Kuroko deposits. This oceanic environmental event is considered to be most likely due to increasing biological productivity primarily triggered and enhanced by upwelling of NADW in the paleo-Sea of Japan at that time.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Trace Fossils and Sedimentary Structures In Mudstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Depositional Environment Of the Mudstonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trace Fossils and Sulfur Isotopes in Mudstones around the Kuroko Deposits in the Hokuroku Basin, Northeast Japan: An Attempt to Delineate the Depositional Environment

et al. 2004

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“…A medida em que ocorre a progressiva diminuição do fluxo, a forte componente oscilatória se mantém constante mas com uma fraca componente unidirecional (fácies Ato) (Figuras 5A e 5B) (Plint, 2010;Dumas e Arnott, 2006). Concomitante a estas variações nas condições de energia de moderada a alta, atuavam os icnitos da icnofácies Skolithos, os quais etologicamente habitavam um softground arenoso não consolidado (Domichniais) (Pemberton et al, 1992;MacEachern et al, 2007MacEachern et al, , 2010, em resposta a degradação do substrato na interface sedimento-água conforme atestado pela estrutura de spretein retrusiva (Gingras et al, 2011; Figura 3. Perfil litoestratigráfico da Formação Raizama na região de Nobres, MT.…”

Section: Af1-shoreface Inferior (Fm Raizama Inferior)unclassified

Depósitos flúvio-costeiros da formação raizama, Ediacarano-Cambriano da faixa Paraguai norte, região de nobres, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Santos

Júnior

Nogueira

et al. 2014

Geol. USP, Sér. cient.

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Disponível on-line no endereço www.igc.usp.br/geologiausp -19 -Resumo Depósitos siliciclásticos da Formação Raizama de idade ediacarana-cambriana são expostos descontinuamente ao longo da margem sul do Cráton Amazônico e Faixa Paraguai Norte, centro-oeste do Brasil. Estes depósitos são interpretados por sucessões costeiras progradacionais, sobrepondo em conformidade os depósitos carbonáticos do Grupo Araras. A análise faciológica e estratigráfica da seção aflorante na região de Nobres, Estado do Mato Grosso, permitiu a individualização de dezessete fácies sedimentares agrupadas em cinco associações de fácies (AF): AF1) shoreface inferior consiste de arenitos com laminação plano -paralela e truncada por onda (microhummocky), intercalados por pelitos laminados, e com níveis bioturbados por tubos verticais perfurantes; AF2) shoreface superior, formada por arenitos com estratificação plano-paralela e cruzada swaley; AF3) submaré, composta por arenitos com estratificações cruzadas tangenciais e acanaladas com recobrimentos de siltito/arenito muito fino interpretados como depósitos de canal e barras; AF4) planície de maré é caracterizada por arenitos com estratificação cruzada tangencial e sigmoidal, laminação plano-paralela a cruzada de baixo ângulo, gretas de contração, intercalados por siltititos/arenito muito finos com acamamento flaser, organizados em ciclos de raseamento ascendente; e AF5) fluvial entrelaçado distal é constituída por arenitos com estratificação cruzada acanalada com lags lateralmente descontínuos, estratificações plano-paralelas e cruzadas de baixo-ângulo, parcialmente retrabalhadas por onda. A sedimentação da Formação Raizama indica que o fornecimento de sedimentos siliciclásticos estariam relacionado a soerguimentos no Cráton à noroeste da área estudada, sucedendo os depósitos carbonáticos do Grupo Araras. Traços fósseis tubulares descritos na AF1 indicam, pela primeira vez, a presença de traços fósseis perfurantes sugerindo uma idade deposicional para Formação Raizama mais próxima ao limite Ediacarano-Cambriano.Palavras-chave: Ediacarano-Cambriano; Cráton Amazônico; Faixa Paraguai; Formação Raizama; Depósitos costeiros. AbstractThe Ediacaran-Cambrian Raizama Formation presents siliciclastic deposits exposed discontinuously along of the southern margin of the Amazon Craton and the Northern Paraguay Belt, Central-Western Brazil. These deposits are interpreted as progradational coastal succession conformably overling the carbonate platform succession of the Upper Araras Group. The facies and stratigraphic analysis of outcrop section were carried out in the Nobres region, State of Mato Grosso, allowed the individualization of seventeen facies, grouped into five facies associations (FA): FA1) lower shoreface, consisting of sandstone with parallel and wave-truncated lamination (microhummocky) parted by laminated mudstones, locally bioturbed by Skolithos; FA2) upper shoreface, composed by parallel and swaley cross bedded sandstone; FA3) subtidal, represented by sandstones with tangential and through...

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“…The ichnotaxon Cruziana is one of the best-known arthropod ichnogenera used for facies analysis (Frey & Pemberton, 1984;Pemberton et al 1992), but its biostratigraphic relevance is even more important because it enables dating of sandstone units lacking body fossils (Crimes, 1968(Crimes, , 1969Seilacher, 1970Seilacher, , 1992Seilacher, , 1994. This approach has also served to subdivide Silurian oil-bearing units in Libya (Seilacher, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biostratigraphic precision of the Cruziana rugosa group: a study from the Ordovician succession of southern and central Bolivia

Egenhoff

Weber

Lehnert³

et al. 2007

Geol. Mag.

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-Cruziana ichnospecies have been repeatedly reported to have biostratigraphic significance. This study presents a re-evaluation of the arthropod ichnotaxa of the Cruziana rugosa Group from bio-and/or lithostratigraphically well-defined Lower to Upper Ordovician siliciclastic sections of southern and central Bolivia. With the exception of Cruziana rouaulti, the ichnofaunas contain all the members of the Cruziana rugosa Group throughout the Ordovician (Arenig to Caradoc) successions in Bolivia. The Bolivian material therefore indicates that these arthropod ichnofossil assemblages are suitable for recognizing Ordovician strata in Bolivia. These findings cast doubt on their use as reliable indicators for a global intra-Ordovician (Arenig to Caradoc) biozonation of Peri-Gondwanan sedimentary successions.

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The Conceptual Framework of Ichnology

Cited by 72 publications

References 0 publications

Trace Fossils and Sulfur Isotopes in Mudstones around the Kuroko Deposits in the Hokuroku Basin, Northeast Japan: An Attempt to Delineate the Depositional Environment

Trace Fossils and Sulfur Isotopes in Mudstones around the Kuroko Deposits in the Hokuroku Basin, Northeast Japan: An Attempt to Delineate the Depositional Environment

Depósitos flúvio-costeiros da formação raizama, Ediacarano-Cambriano da faixa Paraguai norte, região de nobres, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Biostratigraphic precision of the Cruziana rugosa group: a study from the Ordovician succession of southern and central Bolivia

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