The conceptual structure of the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children.

White, Paul D.; Leeuwen, Paul van; Davis, Brian D.; Maddaloni, Mark; Hogan, Karen; Marcus, Allan H.; Elias, Robert

doi:10.1289/ehp.98106s61513

Cited by 92 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…More recent experimental data were identified and incorporated into this version as improved parameter estimates, while the overall framework remained the same as that reviewed by the SAB in 1992. The documentation supporting version 0.99d was completed in 1994 (6,7) and is summarized separately in this series (19).…”

Section: Background Ovenriew Of Ieubk Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As elaborated elsewhere (6,7,19), the IEUBK model is a synthesis of many scientific studies of lead biokinetics, contact rates of children with contaminated media, and the presence and behavior of environmental lead. The model was designed to agree with observational, real-world data through its calibration with communityspecific datasets (7).…”

Section: Goal Of Ieubk Empirical Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children: empirical comparisons with epidemiologic data.

Hogan

Marcus

Smith

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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The concept of model validation is evolving in the scientific community. This paper addresses the comparison of observed and predicted estimates as one component of model validation as applied to the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic (IEUBK) model for lead in children. The IEUBK model is an exposure (dose)-response model that uses children's environmental lead exposures to estimate risk of elevated blood lead (typically > 10 pg/dl) through estimation of lead body burdens in a mass balance framework. We used residence-specific environmental lead measurements from three epidemiologic datasets as inputs for the IEUBK model to predict blood lead levels, and compared these predictions with blood lead levels of children living at these residences. When the IEUBK modeling focused on children with representative exposure measurements, that is, children who spent the bulk of their time near the locations sampled, there was reasonably close agreement between observed and predicted blood lead distributions in the three studies considered. Geometric mean observed and predicted blood lead levels were within 0.7 pg/dl, and proportions of study populations expected to be above 10 pg/dl were within 4% of those observed.

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Section: Background Ovenriew Of Ieubk Model Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Goal Of Ieubk Empirical Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children: empirical comparisons with epidemiologic data.

Hogan

Marcus

Smith

et al. 1998

Environ Health Perspect

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“…In order to assess the potential impacts of these exceedences, air lead exposures estimated from air monitoring were converted into predicted blood lead concentrations using the EPA IEUBK model (U.S. EPA, 1994b ) and the ICRP lead biokinetic model (Leggett, 1993 ). The IEUBK model has been used extensively in assessing lead risks to children at Superfund sites where lead contamination of residential soils is a concern (U.S. EPA, 1994a; White et al, 1998 ). The ICRP model has been used by the ICRP, Department of Energy ( DOE ), and EPA to develop cancer risk coefficients for internal radiation exposures to lead and other alkaline earth elements that have biokinetics similar to those of calcium (ICRP, 1993; U.S. EPA, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks to children from exposure to lead in air during remedial or removal activities at Superfund sites: A case study of the RSR lead smelter Superfund site†

Khoury

Diamond

2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Superfund sites that are contaminated with lead and undergoing remedial action generate lead -enriched dust that can be released into the air. Activities that can emit lead -enriched dust include demolition of lead smelter buildings, stacks, and baghouses; on -site traffic of heavy construction vehicles; and excavation of soil. Typically, air monitoring stations are placed around the perimeter of a site of an ongoing remediation to monitor air lead concentrations that might result from site emissions. The National Ambient Air Quality ( NAAQ ) standard, established in 1978 to be a quarterly average of 1.5 g / m 3 , is often used as a trigger level for corrective action to reduce emissions. This study explored modeling approaches for assessing potential risks to children from air lead emissions from the RSR Superfund site in West Dallas, TX, during demolition and removal of a smelter facility. The EPA Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic ( IEUBK ) model and the International Commission of Radiologic Protection ( ICRP ) lead model were used to simulate blood lead concentrations in children, based on monitored air lead concentrations. Although air lead concentrations at monitoring stations located in the downwind community intermittently exceeded the NAAQ standard, both models indicated that exposures to children in the community areas did not pose a significant long -term or acute risk. Long -term risk was defined as greater than 5% probability of a child having a long -term blood lead concentration that exceeded 10 g / dl, which is the CDC and the EPA blood lead concern level. Short -term or acute risk was defined as greater than 5% probability of a child having a blood lead concentration on any given day that exceeded 20 g / dl, which is the CDC trigger level for medical evaluation ( this is not intended to imply that 20 g / dl is a threshold for health effects in children exposed acutely to airborne lead ). The estimated potential long -term and short -term exposures at the downwind West Dallas community did not result in more than 5% of children exceeding the target blood lead levels. The models were also used to estimate air lead levels for short -term and long -term exposures that would not exceed specified levels of risk ( risk -based concentrations, RBCs ). RBCs were derived for various daily exposure durations ( 3 or 8 h / day ) and frequencies ( 1 -7 days / week ). RBCs based on the ICRP model ranged from 0.3 ( 7 days / week, 8 h / day ) to 4.4 g / m 3 ( 1 day / week, 3 h / day ) for long -term exposures and were lower than those based on the IEUBK model. For short -term exposures, the RBCs ranged from 3.5 to 29.0 g / m 3 . Recontamination of remediated residential yards from deposition of air lead emitted during remedial activities at the RSR Superfund site was also examined. The predicted increase in soil concentration due to lead deposition at the monitoring station, which represented the community at large, was 3.0 mg / kg. This potential increase in soil lead concentration was insignificant, less th...

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“…The IEUBK Model for Lead in Children is a classical multicompartmental pharmacokinetics model linked to an exposure and probabilistic model of blood lead concentration distributions in populations of children ages 0-7 years (EPA 1994a(EPA , 1994bWhite et al 1998). Figure 3-11 shows a conceptualized representation of the IEUBK Model.…”

Section: Ieubk Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Golden Eagle Risk to Lead and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure: A Review

Herring

Eagles‐Smith

Buck

2017

Journal of Raptor Research

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The conceptual structure of the integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children.

Cited by 92 publications

References 68 publications

Integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children: empirical comparisons with epidemiologic data.

Integrated exposure uptake biokinetic model for lead in children: empirical comparisons with epidemiologic data.

Risks to children from exposure to lead in air during remedial or removal activities at Superfund sites: A case study of the RSR lead smelter Superfund site†

Characterizing Golden Eagle Risk to Lead and Anticoagulant Rodenticide Exposure: A Review

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