The Concordance of Parent and Child Immunization

The authors of this statement update the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. Highlights for the upcoming 2018-2019 season include the following:1. Annual influenza immunization is recommended for everyone 6 months and older, including children and adolescents.2. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends an inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), trivalent or quadrivalent, as the primary choice for influenza vaccination in children because the effectiveness of a live attenuated influenza vaccine against influenza A(H1N1) was inferior during past influenza seasons and is unknown for this upcoming season.3. A live attenuated influenza vaccine may be used for children who would not otherwise receive an influenza vaccine (eg, refusal of an IIV) and for whom it is appropriate because of age (2 years of age and older) and health status (ie, healthy and without any underlying chronic medical condition).4. All 2018-2019 seasonal influenza vaccines contain an influenza A(H1N1) vaccine strain similar to that included in the 2017-2018 seasonal vaccines. In contrast, the influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B (Victoria lineage) vaccine strains included in the 2018-2019 trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines differ from those in the 2017-2018 seasonal vaccines.a. Trivalent vaccines contain an influenza A(Michigan/45/2015[H1N1])pdm09-like virus, an influenza A(Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016[H3N2])-like virus (updated), and an influenza B (Colorado/60/2017)-like virus (B/Victoria lineage; updated).b. Quadrivalent vaccines contain an additional B virus (Phuket/3073/2013-like virus; B/Yamagata lineage).5. All children with egg allergy of any severity can receive an influenza vaccine without any additional precautions beyond those recommended for all vaccines.6. Pregnant women may receive an influenza vaccine (IIV only) at any time during pregnancy to protect themselves as well as their infants, who benefit from the transplacental transfer of antibodies. Postpartum women who did not receive vaccination during pregnancy should be encouraged to receive an influenza vaccine before discharge from the hospital. Influenza vaccination during breastfeeding is safe for mothers and their infants.7. The vaccination of health care workers is a crucial step in preventing influenza and reducing health care-associated influenza infections because health care personnel often care for individuals at high risk for influenza-related complications.8. Pediatricians should attempt to promptly identify their patients who are suspected of having an influenza infection for timely initiation of antiviral treatment when indicated and on the basis of shared decision-making between each pediatrician and child caregiver to reduce morbidity and mortality. Although best results are seen when a child is treated within 48 hours of symptom onset, antiviral therapy should still be considered beyond 48 hours of symptom onset in childre...

Section: The 2017-2018 Influenza Season Was a High-severity Season Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The 2017-2018 Influenza Season Was a High-severity Season Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2018–2019

2018

“…1,48 Substantial evidence has accumulated regarding the efficacy of maternal influenza immunization in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza disease and its complications in both mothers and their infants in the first 2 to 6 months of life. [48][49][50][51][52][53] Pregnant women who are immunized against influenza at any time during their pregnancy provide protection to their infants during their first 6 months of life, when they are too young to receive influenza vaccine themselves, through transplacental passage of antibodies. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Infants born to women who receive influenza vaccination during pregnancy can have a risk reduction of up to 72% (95% CI, 39% to 87%) for laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization in the first few months of life.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccines During Pregnancy and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2020–2021

2020

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2020-2021 season. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends routine influenza immunization of all children without medical contraindications, starting at 6 months of age. Influenza vaccination is an important intervention to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate vaccine available can be administered, without preference for one product or formulation over another. Antiviral treatment of influenza with any licensed, recommended, ageappropriate influenza antiviral medication is recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza. Antiviral treatment may be considered for any previously healthy, symptomatic outpatient not at high risk for influenza complications in whom an influenza diagnosis is confirmed or suspected, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset, and for children whose siblings or household contacts either are younger than 6 months or have a high-risk condition that predisposes them to complications of influenza. UPDATES FOR THE 2020-2021 INFLUENZA SEASON 1. The composition of the influenza vaccines for 2020-2021 has been updated. The recommended influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) components and the influenza B/Victoria component of the vaccine are new for this season. The B/Yamagata component is unchanged from the previous season. All quadrivalent influenza vaccines include these 4 components. The trivalent vaccines do not include influenza B/Yamagata.

“…[59][60][61][62][63] Authors of 1 study found that children were 2.77 times (95% CI, 2.74 to 2.79) more likely to be immunized against seasonal influenza if their parents were immunized. 33 When parents who were previously not immunized had received immunization for seasonal influenza, their children were 5.44 times (95% CI, 5.35 to 5.53) more likely to receive influenza vaccine.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccine Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,32 Substantial evidence has accumulated regarding the efficacy of maternal influenza immunization in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza disease and its complications in both mothers and their infants in the first 2 to 6 months of life. 14,[32][33][34][35][36][37] Pregnant women who are immunized against influenza at any time during their pregnancy provide protection to their infants during their first 6 months of life (when they are too young to receive influenza vaccine themselves) through transplacental passage of antibodies. 38,39 Infants born to women who receive influenza vaccination during pregnancy can have a risk reduction of 72% (95% CI, 39% to 87%) for laboratoryconfirmed influenza hospitalization in the first few months of life.…”

Section: Influenza Vaccines During Pregnancy and Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2019–2020

Maldonado¹,

Zaoutis²,

Banerjee³

et al. 2019

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccines and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2019-2020 season. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to recommend routine influenza immunization of all children without medical contraindications, starting at 6 months of age. Any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate vaccine available can be administered, without preference of one product or formulation over another. Antiviral treatment of influenza with any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate influenza antiviral medication continues to be recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza, particularly those who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza. The following updates for the 2019-2020 influenza season are discussed in this document: 1. Both inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) are options for influenza vaccination in children, with no preference. 2. The composition of the influenza vaccines for 2019-2020 has been updated. The A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) components of the vaccine are new for this season. The B strains are unchanged from the previous season. 3. All pediatric influenza vaccines will be quadrivalent vaccines. The age indication for some pediatric vaccines has been expanded; therefore, there are now 4 egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4s) licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for administration to children 6 months and older, 1 inactivated cell-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (cIIV4) for children 4 years and older, and 1 quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) Policy statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit from expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and external reviewers. However, policy statements from the American Academy of Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or the organizations or government agencies that they represent. The guidance in this statement does not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.