The Condition of Oral Health in Regular Users of Psychoactive Substances

Abstract

In the users of psychoactive substances, gingiva and other periodontal tissues suffer the worst damage, but when the healing process starts, the awareness about the importance of maintaining oral hygiene improves.

Oral health‐care needs among clients receiving alcohol and other drugs treatment—A scoping review

“…In the first focus area, 23 studies were identified that included 3611 participants with a mean age ranging from 27.9 to 44 years [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. The studies were conducted in Australia ( n = 2), Brazil ( n = 3), India ( n = 2), Indonesia ( n = 1), Iran ( n = 1), Ireland ( n = 2), Italy ( n = 2), Lithuania ( n = 1), Norway ( n = 1), Portugal ( n = 1), Serbia ( n = 1), South Africa ( n = 1), United Kingdom ( n = 1) and the United States ( n = 4).…”

“…The studies were conducted in Australia ( n = 2), Brazil ( n = 3), India ( n = 2), Indonesia ( n = 1), Iran ( n = 1), Ireland ( n = 2), Italy ( n = 2), Lithuania ( n = 1), Norway ( n = 1), Portugal ( n = 1), Serbia ( n = 1), South Africa ( n = 1), United Kingdom ( n = 1) and the United States ( n = 4). About half of the studies were of cross‐sectional design ( n = 14) [ 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]; few studies used a qualitative design ( n = 3) [ 19 , 38 , 53 ]; and the designs of remaining six studies were cohort ( n = 3) [ 42 , 44 , 45 ], case–control ( n = 1) [ 34 ], prospective longitudinal ( n = 1) [ 49 ] and pre‐post quasi‐experimental ( n = 1) [ 37 ]. In the second focus area, the guidelines identified were developed for application in Australia ( n = 2), Canada ( n = 2), Ireland ( n = 1), United Kingdom ( n = 1) and the United States ( n = 1).…”

“…None of the papers reported on oral health knowledge, attitudes or practices of AOD clinicians. Of the 23 studies [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], 5 reported on their oral health knowledge [ 19 , 38 , 40 , 46 , 53 ]; 5 explored their oral health attitudes [ 19 , 35 , 40 , 46 , 53 ] and all reported on oral health practices [ 19 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ...…”

“…Of the 23 studies that reported on respondents' oral health practices, the vast majority ( n = 20) described the participants' self‐care oral hygiene practices, including frequency of toothbrushing and flossing and factors that influenced these practices. Thirteen studies [ 33 , 34 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 51 ] reported large variations in the prevalence of participants brushing their teeth at least once a day, ranging from 29% in one Australian study [ 38 ] to 100% in populations located in India [ 34 ] and Indonesia [ 46 ]. Seven studies [ 34 , 35 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 50 ] explored the frequency of participants brushing their teeth twice a day, which also varied from 4% [ 41 ] to 80% [ 46 ].…”

“…Thirteen studies [ 33 , 34 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 51 ] reported large variations in the prevalence of participants brushing their teeth at least once a day, ranging from 29% in one Australian study [ 38 ] to 100% in populations located in India [ 34 ] and Indonesia [ 46 ]. Seven studies [ 34 , 35 , 41 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 50 ] explored the frequency of participants brushing their teeth twice a day, which also varied from 4% [ 41 ] to 80% [ 46 ]. The three studies conducted in Brazil found that up to 84% of participants brushed their teeth three times daily [ 32 , 39 , 40 ].…”