The cone snails of Cape Verde: Marine endemism at a terrestrial scale

Peters, Howard; O‘Leary, Bethan Christine; Hawkins, Julie P.; Roberts, Callum M.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2016.06.006

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Besides its rich marine biodiversity, which is comparable to that of the Canary Islands in fishes, echinoderms and brachyurans, the singularity of Cabo Verde in the context of the Macaronesian region is best represented by the high numbers of endemic species (7.3% of coastal fishes; 44.1% of endemic gastropods, 8.5% of brachyurans and 4.2% of polychaetes; Table 1). Cabo Verde is home to a unique marine gastropod fauna 71,72 , which has attracted major attention in recent years 54,61,62,73–75 . Moreover, single island marine endemics (SIME) are extremely rare in the marine realm, but the particular geological setting of Cabo Verde has favoured marine radiations in some genera 62 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

Freitas

Romeiras

Silva

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

115

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The Azores, Madeira, Selvagens, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde are commonly united under the term “Macaronesia”. This study investigates the coherency and validity of Macaronesia as a biogeographic unit using six marine groups with very different dispersal abilities: coastal fishes, echinoderms, gastropod molluscs, brachyuran decapod crustaceans, polychaete annelids, and macroalgae. We found no support for the current concept of Macaronesia as a coherent marine biogeographic unit. All marine groups studied suggest the exclusion of Cabo Verde from the remaining Macaronesian archipelagos and thus, Cabo Verde should be given the status of a biogeographic subprovince within the West African Transition province. We propose to redefine the Lusitanian biogeographical province, in which we include four ecoregions: the South European Atlantic Shelf, the Saharan Upwelling, the Azores, and a new ecoregion herein named Webbnesia, which comprises the archipelagos of Madeira, Selvagens and the Canary Islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

Freitas

Romeiras

Silva

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

115

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“…For instance, A. crotchii , which was reported as endemic from Southwest Boa Vista, would be now distributed also in the whole north half of the island. This increase in range of distribution of several species has important effects on their IUCN conservation status [ 3 ]. In the case of Kalloconus , some morphotypes attributed to Kalloconus pseudonivifer are now assigned to Kalloconus trochulus , and Kalloconus atlanticoselvagem is synonymized with K. trochulus .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cone snails (Conidae, Gastropoda) endemic to the archipelago of Cabo Verde in West Africa represent one of the few textbook examples of a well-documented insular species radiation involving marine organisms [ 1 – 3 ]. Cone snails, which are found in tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world, show a hotspot of species diversity in the Cabo Verde archipelago with up to 95 endemic species (roughly 10% of cone species diversity worldwide) narrowly confined to about 4000 km 2 [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to a previous study, the ancestor of Africonus colonized the archipelago in the Miocene, about 16.5 million years ago (mya; [ 1 ]), and spread to all islands (except Fogo, the youngest, with steep slopes in the coast and ongoing volcanic activity). Most (95%) of the currently described species endemic to Cabo Verde belong to Africonus , and are normally referred to as restricted to a single island and in some cases even to single bays within an island [ 3 ]. The ancestor of Trovaoconus arrived at Cabo Verde archipelago in the Pliocene, about 4.6 mya, and diversified only in four islands (Sal, Boa Vista, Maio, and possibly Santiago), which are the closest to the continent [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic relationships of cone snails endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDue to their great species and ecological diversity as well as their capacity to produce hundreds of different toxins, cone snails are of interest to evolutionary biologists, pharmacologists and amateur naturalists alike. Taxonomic identification of cone snails still relies mostly on the shape, color, and banding patterns of the shell. However, these phenotypic traits are prone to homoplasy. Therefore, the consistent use of genetic data for species delimitation and phylogenetic inference in this apparently hyperdiverse group is largely wanting. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny of the cones endemic to Cabo Verde archipelago, a well-known radiation of the group, using mitochondrial (mt) genomes.ResultsThe reconstructed phylogeny grouped the analyzed species into two main clades, one including Kalloconus from West Africa sister to Trovaoconus from Cabo Verde and the other with a paraphyletic Lautoconus due to the sister group relationship of Africonus from Cabo Verde and Lautoconus ventricosus from Mediterranean Sea and neighboring Atlantic Ocean to the exclusion of Lautoconus endemic to Senegal (plus Lautoconus guanche from Mauritania, Morocco, and Canary Islands). Within Trovaoconus, up to three main lineages could be distinguished. The clade of Africonus included four main lineages (named I to IV), each further subdivided into two monophyletic groups. The reconstructed phylogeny allowed inferring the evolution of the radula in the studied lineages as well as biogeographic patterns. The number of cone species endemic to Cabo Verde was revised under the light of sequence divergence data and the inferred phylogenetic relationships.ConclusionsThe sequence divergence between continental members of the genus Kalloconus and island endemics ascribed to the genus Trovaoconus is low, prompting for synonymization of the latter. The genus Lautoconus is paraphyletic. Lautoconus ventricosus is the closest living sister group of genus Africonus. Diversification of Africonus was in allopatry due to the direct development nature of their larvae and mainly triggered by eustatic sea level changes during the Miocene-Pliocene. Our study confirms the diversity of cone endemic to Cabo Verde but significantly reduces the number of valid species. Applying a sequence divergence threshold, the number of valid species within the sampled Africonus is reduced to half.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-017-1069-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This was likely based on another larger shell, but specimens studied here showed several intraspecific variations as mentioned in the the remarks section. According to a recent study of the Conus species in the Cape Verde Islands, 53 of the 56 recorded species on all islands are endemic, and the site constitutes an important center of endemism due to its geographic location (Peters et al, 2016). In the eulimids there are no studies covering widely distributed species that have been reported for both Atlantic coasts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New ecological and taxonomic remarks on Sabinella troglodytes and Nanobalcis worsfoldi (Gastropoda: Eulimidae) living on the “slate-pencil sea urchin” from the Mexican Caribbean region

González-Vallejo

León-González

2018

Rev.Mex.Biodiv.

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The cone snails of Cape Verde: Marine endemism at a terrestrial scale

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

Restructuring of the ‘Macaronesia’ biogeographic unit: A marine multi-taxon biogeographical approach

Phylogenetic relationships of cone snails endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes

New ecological and taxonomic remarks on Sabinella troglodytes and Nanobalcis worsfoldi (Gastropoda: Eulimidae) living on the “slate-pencil sea urchin” from the Mexican Caribbean region

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