“…To the best of our knowledge, the measurements for atomic inner-shell ionization or X-ray production cross-sections by positron impact near the threshold energy are restricted to the K shell of Ti [6,7], Cu [3] and Ag [2], L shell of Ag [3,4], In and Sn [4], L3 sub-shell of Au [2], M shell of Pb and Bi [8]. In the above experimental studies, the positron beams were all generated by the slow positron beam device based on the 22 Na radioactive source, and except for refs. [7,8], the positron beam intensities were all acquired by using the off-line method, which assumes the beam current is almost constant [2][3][4][5][6] in the experiment, the beam intensities are all determined at the beginning of the experiment.…”