“…In 1941, with the publication of The Mask o f Sanity, Cleckley provided extensive clinical descriptions of the characteristics of psychopathy, which have remained relatively stable to the present day (Hart & Hare, 1997;Salekin, 2002). Although the personality characteristics of psychopathy put forward by Cleckley, such as a lack of remorse, impulsivity and callousness, were included in the original Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM; American Psychiatric Association, 1952), subsequent editions consisted largely of behavioural descriptions focusing on social deviance and criminality under the term Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD; Arrigo & Shipley, 2001;Millon, 1981). This shift from personality-based descriptions of psychopathy to behaviourally-based descriptions occurred because of the prevailing belief among members of the DSM-III Task Force that the clinical inferences required to determine the personality characteristics o f a psychopath lowered the reliability of accurate diagnosis (Arrigo & Shipley, 2001;Hare 1996).…”