The Conifer Root and Stem Rot Pathogen (Heterobasidion parviporum): Effectome Analysis and Roles in Interspecific Fungal Interactions

Wen, Zilan; Zeng, Zhen; Ren, Fei; Asiegbu, Fred O.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms7120658

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Although P. sphaeroides was expected to inhibit the growth of H. parviporum ( Terhonen et al. 2016 ), the strain used in this study probably lost the antagonistic ability as shown in the dual culture assay as previously reported ( Wen et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides confers growth fitness benefits and mitigates pathogenic effects of Heterobasidion on Norway spruce

2021

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Forest trees frequently interact with a diverse range of microorganisms including dark septate root endophytes (DSE) and fungal pathogens. Plant defense response to either individual pathogen or endophyte has been widely studied, but very little is known on the effect of coinfection on host defenses. To study the impact of coinfection or tripartite interaction on plant growth and host defenses, Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were inoculated with a DSE Phialocephala sphaeroides or with a root pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum, or coinfected with both fungi. The results showed that the root endophyte promoted the root growth of spruce seedlings. Control seedlings without any inoculum were subjected to sequencing and used as a baseline for identification of differentially expressed genes. RNA-Seq analysis of seedlings inoculated with P. sphaeroides, infected with H. parviporum or coinfected with both fungi resulted in a total of 5,269 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The majority of DEGs were found in P. sphaeroides-inoculated seedlings. Lignin biosynthesis pathways were generally activated during fungal infections. The pattern was distinct with endophyte inoculation. The majority of the genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were generally suppressed during fungal infections. A specific transcriptional response to P. sphaeroides inoculation was the increased transcripts of genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and calcium-mediated signaling. This may have potentially contributed to promoting the root growth of seedlings. Although the coinfection suppressed the induction of numerous genes, no negative effect on the growth of the spruce seedlings occurred. We conclude that the subsequent H. parviporum infection triggered reprogramming of host metabolism. Conversely, the endophyte (P. sphaeroides), on the other hand, counteracted the negative effects of H. parviporum on the growth of the spruce seedlings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides confers growth fitness benefits and mitigates pathogenic effects of Heterobasidion on Norway spruce

2021

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“…These substances form a unique living microenvironment for the microorganisms of plants’ roots, and different microorganisms have different responses to the compounds released by the plant roots [ 40 ]. The complex and diverse plants and their associated microbial communities are the keys to understanding soil microecology [ 41 , 42 ]. However, little is known about the interactions between microbes in the community environment and the mechanisms that affect the function of plant-associated microbial communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Soil Microbial Communities between Healthy and Diseased Lycium barbarum cv. Ningqi-5 Plants with Root Rot

Jia

Zhong-yu

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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For a long time, the development of the Lycium barbarum industry has been seriously restricted by root rot disease. In general, the occurrence of plant root rot is considered to be closely related to the composition and diversity of the soil microbial community. It is critical to understand the relationship between the occurrence of root rot in L. barbarum and the soil microbial composition. In this study, samples of the rhizosphere, rhizoplane, and root zone were collected from diseased and healthy plants. The V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rDNA and the fungal ITS1 fragment of the collected samples were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The sequencing results were first quality controlled and then aligned with the relevant databases for annotation and analysis. The richness of fungal communities in the rhizoplane and root zone of the healthy plants was significantly higher than that of the diseased plants (p < 0.05), and the community evenness and diversity of all the rhizoplane samples were significantly different from those of the rhizosphere and root zone. The richness of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere and root zone of healthy plants was significantly greater than those of diseased plants (p < 0.05). The community composition of the rhizoplane was quite different from the other parts. The abundance of Fusarium in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was higher than that in the corresponding parts of healthy plants. The abundances of Mortierella and Ilyonectria in the three parts of the healthy plants were correspondingly higher than those in the three parts of the diseased plants, and Plectosphaerella was the most abundant in the rhizoplane of diseased plants. There was little difference in the composition of the dominant bacteria at the phylum and genus levels between healthy plants and diseased plants, but the abundances of these dominant bacteria were different between healthy and diseased plants. Functional prediction showed that the bacterial community had the largest proportion of functional abundance belonging to metabolism. The functional abundances of the diseased plants, such as metabolism and genetic information processing, were lower than those of the healthy plants. The fungal community function prediction showed that the Animal Pathogen-Endophyte-Lichen Parasite-Plant Pathogen-Soil Saprotroph-Wood Saprotroph group had the largest functional abundance, and the corresponding fungi were Fusarium. In this study, we mainly discussed the differences in the soil microbial communities and their functions between the healthy and diseased L. barbarum cv. Ningqi-5, and predicted the functional composition of the microbial community, which is of great significance to understanding the root rot of L. barbarum.

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“…In addition, we monitored the expression of Hp effector candidate genes ( Wen, Zeng, et al. 2019 ) in PaHp and PaPsHp samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Candidate of effector genes and annotations of H. parviporum were applied as previously described ( Zeng et al. 2018 , Wen, Zeng, et al. 2019 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides suppresses conifer pathogen transcripts and promotes root growth of Norway spruce

2022

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Plant associated microbes including dark septate endophytes (DSE) of forest trees play diverse functional roles in host fitness including growth promotion and increased defence. However, little is known about the impact on the fungal transcriptome and metabolites during tripartite interaction involving plant host, endophyte and pathogen. To understand the transcriptional regulation of endophyte and pathogen during co-infection, Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings were infected with DSE Phialocephala sphaeroides, or conifer root-rot pathogen Heterobasidion parviporum, or both. P. sphaeroides showed low but stable transcripts abundance (a decrease of 40%) during interaction with Norway spruce and conifer pathogen. By contrast, H. parviporum transcripts were significantly reduced (92%) during co-infection. With RNAseq analysis, P. sphaeroides experienced a shift from cell growth to anti-stress and antagonistic responses, while it repressed the ability of H. parviporum to access carbohydrate nutrients by suppressing its carbohydrate/polysaccharide degrading enzyme machinery. The pathogen on the other hand secreted cysteine peptidase to restrict free growth of P. sphaeroides. The expression of both DSE P. sphaeroides and pathogen H. parviporum genes encoding plant growth promotion products were equally detected in both dual and tripartite interaction systems. This was further supported by the presence of tryptophan-dependent indolic compound in liquid culture of P. sphaeroides. Norway spruce and Arabidopsis seedlings treated with P. sphaeroides culture filtrate exhibited auxin-like phenotypes, such as enhanced root hairs, and primary root elongation at low concentration but shortened primary root at high concentration. The results suggested that the presence of the endophyte had strong repressive or suppressive effect on H. parviporum transcripts encoding genes involved in nutrient acquisition.

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The Conifer Root and Stem Rot Pathogen (Heterobasidion parviporum): Effectome Analysis and Roles in Interspecific Fungal Interactions

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides confers growth fitness benefits and mitigates pathogenic effects of Heterobasidion on Norway spruce

The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides confers growth fitness benefits and mitigates pathogenic effects of Heterobasidion on Norway spruce

Differences in Soil Microbial Communities between Healthy and Diseased Lycium barbarum cv. Ningqi-5 Plants with Root Rot

The dark septate endophyte Phialocephala sphaeroides suppresses conifer pathogen transcripts and promotes root growth of Norway spruce

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