The connection of β-catenin and phenobarbital in murine hepatocarcinogenesis: a critical discussion of Awuah et al., PLoS ONE 7(6):e39771, 2012

The cAMP Pathway as Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

“…Muscle Treg distinctly express the growth factor amphiregulin, which improves muscle repair by directly acting on muscle satellite cells ( 114 ). In line with outlined role of cAMP in Treg function, amphiregulin synthesis is inhibited by PKA inhibitors and enhanced by ligands that increased cAMP or directly activate the PKA ( 115 ).…”

Determining the Balance Between Drug Efficacy and Safety by the Network and Biological System Profile of Its Therapeutic Target

“…In total, 32 network properties were calculated and adopted in subsequent analysis. These properties were popular for analyzing a complex biological network, which included: (1) Average Closeness Centrality : the average number of steps required to reach the studied node from any node in a network (Ma et al, 2016 ); (2) Average Shortest Path Length : the average length of shortest paths between the studied node and all other ones (Zhang et al, 2014 ); (3) Betweenness Centrality : the number of times the studied node serving as a linking bridge along shortest path between any two nodes (Zeidán-Chuliá et al, 2015 ); (4) Bridging Centrality : the product of the bridging coefficient and betweenness centrality (Hwang et al, 2008 ); (5) Bridging Coefficient : the extent of the studied node lying between any other densely connected nodes in the network (Paladugu et al, 2008 ); (6) Closeness Centrality Sum : the reciprocal of the sum of the shortest paths between the studied node and all other nodes in the network (Costenbader and ValenteFontanesi, 2003 ); (7) Clustering Coefficient : the number of the connected pairs between all neighbors of node (Watts and Strogatz, 1998 ); (8) Current Flow Betweenness : a centrality index measuring the level of information travels along all possible paths within network (Paladugu et al, 2008 ); (9) Current Flow Closeness : the variant of current flow betweenness (Zhang et al, 2017b ); (10) Degree : the number of edges linked to a node (Braeuning, 2013 ); (11) Degree Centrality : the number of links incident upon a studied node (Batool and Niazi, 2014 ); (12) Deviation : the variation between sum of node distances and network unipolarity (Zhang et al, 2017a ); (13) Distance Deviation : the absolute difference between nodes' distance sum and network's average distance (Rogelj et al, 2013 ); (14) Distance Sum : the sum of all shortest paths starting from the studied node (Bolser et al, 2003 ); (15) Eccentric : the absolute difference between nodes' eccentricities and network's average eccentricity (Zhang et al, 2017a ); (16) Eccentricity : the maximum non-infinite shortest path length between the studied node and all other nodes in the network (Bolser et al, 2003 ); (17) Eccentricity Centrality : the largest geodesic distance between the node and any other node (Batool and Niazi, 2014 ); (18) Eigenvector Centrality : the sum of its neighbors' centrality values (Solá et al, 2013 ); (19) Harmonic Closeness Centrality : the sum of the reciprocals of the average shortest path lengths of each node in network (Zhang et al, 2017b ); (20) Interconnectivity : a connectivity index indicating the quality of the studied nodes being connected together (Emig et al, 2013 ); (21) Load Centrality : the fraction of all th...…”

LONG-NONCODING RNAs in gastroesophageal cancers

“…Particularly, patients without distant metastasis show lower plasmatic levels than patients with distant metastasis, though authors hadn't found any difference between patients with GC without metastasis and healthy controls [ 97 , 98 ]. Wang et al proved that MALAT1 regulates alternative splicing by interaction with the serine/arginine-rich family of nuclear phosphoproteins [ 25 , [99] , [100] , [101] ]. SF2/ASF is an important member of this family and it is involved in multiple human cancers [ 101 ].…”