The Conquest of High Mortality and Hunger in Europe and America: Timing and Mechanisms

Fogel, Robert W.

doi:10.3386/h0016

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Fogel (1990) states, conometric studies that build on data from a large set of countries provide strong evidence that state income by about 4 per cent. economic growth.…”

Section: Evolving Views Of Health Wealth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The consequences of population health for economic performance

Alsan¹,

Canning²,

Jamison³

et al. 2007

Health, Economic Development and Household Poverty

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“…Fogel (1990) states, conometric studies that build on data from a large set of countries provide strong evidence that state income by about 4 per cent. economic growth.…”

Section: Evolving Views Of Health Wealth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The consequences of population health for economic performance

Alsan¹,

Canning²,

Jamison³

et al. 2007

Health, Economic Development and Household Poverty

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“…It is generally agreed that the dramatic reduction of mortality due to infectious disease during the past two centuries has been the major determinant of the transition from high to low levels of death rates in every country. Consequently, among the potential causes explaining the drop in mortality, a prominent one is the improvement in nutrition, leading to a strengthening of the immune resistance to infection (Fogel, 1991;Fogel, 1994;Harris, 2004;Kunitz, 1986;McKeown, 1985McKeown, , 1988. Public policies-improving the hygienic quality of drinking water, milk, and various other foods; sanitizing the urban environment; cleaning up housing-have also been claimed as major factors for the dramatic reductions in mortality rates (Szreter, 1988(Szreter, , 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The reversal of the relation between economic growth and health progress: Sweden in the 19th and 20th centuries

Granados

Ionides

2008

Journal of Health Economics

115

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Health progress, as measured by the decline in mortality rates and the increase in life expectancy, is usually conceived as related to economic growth, especially in the long run. In this investigation it is shown that economic growth is positively associated with health progress in Sweden throughout the 19th century. However, the relation becomes weaker as time passes and is completely reversed in the second half of the 20th century, when economic growth negatively affects health progress. The effect of the economy on health occurs mostly at lag 0 in the 19th century and is lagged up to 2 years in the 20th century. No evidence is found for economic effects on mortality at greater lags. These findings are shown to be robustly consistent across a variety of statistical procedures, including linear regression, spectral analysis, cross-correlation, and lag regression models. Models using inflation and unemployment as economic indicators reveal similar results. Evidence for reverse effects of health progress on economic growth is weak, and unobservable in the second half of the 20th century.

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“…We favour an explanation based on disease rather than nutrition (as does Fogel (1991) in the American case, see also Steckel (1992); while Landry (1993) describes similarly healthy conditions in French Canada). The frontier areas would have lacked the Critical population sizes needed to sustain epidemics and many of the other infectious diseases such as dysentery, typhoid and the like would not spread as rapidly nor strike as many people in the sparsely Note: Table includes men whom the genealogist followed to death and only those born 80 years before the genealogy was published.…”

Section: The Frontier Effect Upon Ages At Deathmentioning

confidence: 88%

The effect of migration on ages at vital events: A critique of family reconstitution in historical demography

Kasakoff

Adams

1995

Eur J Population

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Abstract. Demographic rates of historical populations have usually been calculated using only data from stayers alone. Can they be extrapolated to the population as a whole? Ruggles has recently pointed out, using both logic and a computer simulation, that stayers experience vital events earlier in life than movers due to migration censorship: those who experience them later in life have often migrated away from the community being studied. We show that stayers do indeed marry and die at younger ages than do movers, using a genealogical database on the American North (1620-1880). These differences are caused, however, both by migration censorship and by genuine differences between the two groups and the places they lived. Therefore changes over time among stayers are not good indicators of changes in the population as a whole because they are affected by changing migration rates. Thus no simple "correction factor" can be extrapolated to estimate the general population; neither stayers (nor movers) constitute a "baseline" or "normal" process: both must be considered together in order to gain an accurate picture of the population as a whole.Kasakoff, A. B. et Adams, J. W. L'influence de la migration sur les ,Sges aux faits d'6tat civil: une critique des reconstitutions de familles en d6mographie historique. European Journal of Population / Revue Europ6erme de D6mographie, 11: 199-241, 1995. R~sum~. Les taux utilis6s en d6mographie historique sont g6n6ralement calcul6s ~t l'aide de donn6es concernant les seuls s6dentaires. Peuvent-ils 8tre extrapol6s pour l'ensemble de la population? Ruggles avait r6cemment indiqu6, en utilisant ~ la fois des arguments logiques et des simulations informatiques, que les s6dentaires connaissent les faits d'6tat civil plus t6t dans leur vie que les migrants, du fait de la sortie d'observation par migration: ceux qui les cormaissent plus tard ont souvent 6migr6 de la communaut6 6tudi6e. Nous montrons ici que les s6dentalres se marient et meurent ~ des ages moins 61ev6s que les migrants, ~ l'aide de donn6es g6n6alogiques d'Am6rique du Nord (1620-1880). Cependant ces diff6rences sont caus6es ~ la fois par sortie d'observation du fait de l'6migration et par des diff6rences entre les deux groupes et entre les lieux off ils vivent. I1 en r6sulte que les changements an cours du temps observ6s parmi les s6dentaires ne sont pas de bons indicateurs des changements de la population dan s son ensemble, car ils sont affect6s par l'6volution des taux de migration. I1 n'y a donc aucun "facteur de correction" simple qui puisse ~tre extrapol6 pour estimer la population darts son ensemble; ni les s6dentaires (ni les migrants) ne constituent un processus "de base" ou "normal": les deux doivent ~tre consid6r6s sirnultan6ment pour obtenir une vue pr6cise de la population dans son ensemble.

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The Conquest of High Mortality and Hunger in Europe and America: Timing and Mechanisms

Cited by 48 publications

References 37 publications

The consequences of population health for economic performance

The consequences of population health for economic performance

The reversal of the relation between economic growth and health progress: Sweden in the 19th and 20th centuries

The effect of migration on ages at vital events: A critique of family reconstitution in historical demography

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