The consequences of short-term grazing of bioactive forages on established adult and incoming larvae populations of Teladorsagia circumcincta in lambs

Tzamaloukas, Ouranios; Athanasiadou, Spiridoula; Kyriazakis, Ι.; Jackson, F.; Coop, R.L.

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.11.013

Cited by 48 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, under controlled experiments, no anthelmintic activity has been demonstrated (Hordegen et al, 2003). In addition, there is a large number of grazing forages, including Lotus pedunculatus and Hedysarum coronarium, whose anthelmintic activity has been shown to be rather inconsistent across the various studies around the world (Niezen et al, 1998;Garcia et al, 2003;Marley et al, 2003;Athanasiadou et al, 2005;Tzamaloukas et al, 2005).…”

Section: Studies On the Whole Plant: Strengths And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence, it is not uncommon to observe high anthelmintic efficacy of medicinal plants when their extracts are tested in vitro (Athanasiadou et al, 2001a;Ketzis et al, 2002;Paolini et al, 2004;Barrau et al, 2005) or when offered as a medicinal supplement (Athanasiadou et al, 2001a;Butter et al, 2001). However, efficacy is not near as high when whole plants are offered to parasitised hosts (Niezen et al, 1998 andTzamaloukas et al, 2005). Furthermore, in vitro models are often used to validate plant extracts, without the simultaneous use of in vivo experimentation.…”

Section: Studies On the Whole Plant: Strengths And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that it is highly likely that certain plants are more active against specific parasite species than others Tzamaloukas et al, 2005). This might be related to the parasite niche or the bioavailability of the compound in the different compartments of the gastro-intestinal tract of the parasitised host.…”

Section: Studies On the Whole Plant: Strengths And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicinal plants for helminth parasite control: facts and fiction

Athanasiadou

Githiori

Kyriazakis

2007

Animal

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The use of medicinal plants for the prevention and treatment of gastro-intestinal parasitism has its origin in ethnoveterinary medicine. Although until recently the majority of the evidence on the antiparasitic activity of medicinal plants was anecdotal and lacked scientific validity, there is currently an increasing number of controlled experimental studies that aim to verify and quantify such plant activity. There are indeed a large number of plants whose anthelmintic activity has been demonstrated under controlled experimentation, either through feeding the whole plant or administering plant extracts to parasitised hosts. However, contrary to traditional expectation, there are also a great number of plants with purported antiparasitic properties, which have not been reproduced under experimental conditions. In this paper, we discuss the source of such inconsistencies between ethnoveterinary wisdom and scientific experimentation. We focus on the strengths and weaknesses of the existing methodologies used in the controlled studies to determine the activity of antiparasitic plants. We discuss issues like the seasonal and environmental variability of the plant composition, and how this can affect their antiparasitic properties and highlight the importance of identifying the mechanisms of action of such plants and the target parasite species. In addition to their antiparasitic properties, medicinal plants may also have anti-nutritional properties, which can affect animal performance and behaviour. For this reason, we emphasise the need for considering additional dimensions when evaluating medicinal plants. We also question whether using similar criteria as those used for the evaluation of anthelmintics is the way forward. We propose that a holistic approach is required to evaluate the potential of medicinal plants in parasite control and maximise their benefits on parasitised hosts. Keywords: bioactive plants, ethnoveterinary medicine, medicinal plants, parasites, ruminants IntroductionFor centuries, medicinal plants have been used to combat parasitism, and in many parts of the world are still used for this purpose. In ethnoveterinary medicine, which draws inspiration from traditional practice, there seems to be a range of plant/s or plant extract suitable for treating almost every parasitic disease of livestock (International Institute of Rural Reconstruction (IIRR), 1994). For example, seeds of garlic, onion and mint have been used to treat animals that suffer from gastro-intestinal parasitism, whereas extracts of the tobacco plant have been used to treat the skin of livestock afflicted with external parasites (Guarrera, 1999). Leaves, dried flowers and oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides, a shrub that originated from Central America and has been distributed around the world, have all been used as anthelmintics since the early 1900s (Guarrera, 1999).Reports from around the world include exhaustive lists of plants that have been reported to have medicinal properties (Hammond et al., 1997;Akhtar et al., 2000;Waller ...

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Section: Studies On the Whole Plant: Strengths And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies On the Whole Plant: Strengths And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies On the Whole Plant: Strengths And Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicinal plants for helminth parasite control: facts and fiction

Athanasiadou

Githiori

Kyriazakis

2007

Animal

Self Cite

199

129

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“…There are a few other methods of parasite control currently used in organic production systems, such as rational pasture management (Cabaret et al, 2002;Torres-Acosta & Hoste, 2008), exploitation of intrinsic/genetic resistance of sheep (Nowosad et al, 2003), or nutritional modulation of the host's immune responses and gut environment (Waller & Thamsborg, 2004). The latter refers to controlled grazing on bioactive forages or feeding condensed tannins as nutraceuticals (Min & Hart, 2003;Tzamaloukas et al, 2005;Torres-Acosta & Hoste, 2008;Houdijk et al, 2012), although controversy regarding the use of tannins is constantly rising as their excessive consumption has been associated with the reduction in food intake and digestibility as well as impaired rumen metabolism (Athanasiadou et al, 2007). Based on several earlier studies, certain plants are more effective against specifi c parasites than the others (Tzamaloukas et al, 2005;Athanasiadou et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter refers to controlled grazing on bioactive forages or feeding condensed tannins as nutraceuticals (Min & Hart, 2003;Tzamaloukas et al, 2005;Torres-Acosta & Hoste, 2008;Houdijk et al, 2012), although controversy regarding the use of tannins is constantly rising as their excessive consumption has been associated with the reduction in food intake and digestibility as well as impaired rumen metabolism (Athanasiadou et al, 2007). Based on several earlier studies, certain plants are more effective against specifi c parasites than the others (Tzamaloukas et al, 2005;Athanasiadou et al, 2007). This variability in the therapeutic potential of medicinal plant may be related to the parasite niche or bioavailability of herbal compounds in different compartments of the gastro-intestinal tract of infected host animals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the usefulness of mineral licks containing herbal extracts with anti-parasitic properties for the control of gastrointestinal helminths in grazing sheep – a field trial

et al. 2016

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SummaryOne of the alternative methods of parasite control, of particular importance in sustainable farming, is the use of medicinal plants. The specifi c aim of the present fi eld trial was to assess the anti-parasitic effects of herbal extracts contained in a commercially available lick formulation for sheep. At the outset of this study conducted during the grazing season, all animals were de-wormed and then randomly assigned to one of the two separately kept groups (treatment and control), each consisting of 25 animals (11 ewes and 14 lambs). The treatment group received mineral licks containing the extracts of the plants with anti-parasitic properties, while control animals received standard mineral licks ad libitum. Rectal fecal samples were collected monthly from all animals for the McMaster analyses. There were no signifi cant differences in the prevalence and intensity of helminth infections between the treatment and control groups. Thus, we were not able to ascertain the effi cacy of the commercial herbal de-wormer tested for the control of gastrointestinal helminths in grazing ewes and their lambs.

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