“…A study conducted in ED nurses working in hospitals in Ireland found that staff nurses were more likely to report secondary traumatic stress symptoms than senior nursing groups, with a corresponding propensity to consider career changes and misuse alcohol (Duffy, Avalos, & Dowling, ). Several studies have established the damaging physical and emotional effect of workplace violence upon ED nurses (Darawad, Al‐Hussami, Saleh, Mustafa, & Odeh, ; Hassankhani, Parizad, Gacki‐Smith, Rahmani, & Mohammadi, ; Jeong & Kim, ). Such findings have led to recommendations to be made regarding measures to reduce exposure to violence, including consideration of how EDs should be designed (Lenaghan, Cirrincione, & Henrich, ).…”