The Consolidation of Implicit Sequence Memory in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Csábi, Eszter; Varszegi-Schulz, Maria; Janacsek, Karolina; Malecek, Nick; Németh, Dezső

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109010

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Based on this estimation of a nearly zero effect (and similar previous findings showing no change in the offline period, (Csabi et al, 2015;Csabi et al, 2014;Nemeth et al, 2010;Song et al, 2007)), we expected no change in statistical knowledge over the 24-h delay, and consequently, no required sample size was calculated here to detect a significant change. Instead, Bayes factor (BF) was computed on the collected data of the current study to determine whether there is enough evidence to accept the null-hypothesis of no offline change (for more details see the last paragraph of the section Statistical Analysis).…”

Section: Justification Of the Required Sample Sizesupporting

confidence: 73%

“…It has widely been shown that implicit learning relies mainly on the fronto-striatal networks (Daw et al, 2005;Doyon et al, 2009;Hikosaka et al, 1999;Poldrack et al, 2005;Reber, 2013). Previous studies have found dissociation between implicit learning/retention and other forms of learning/memory in other clinical populations, showing intact implicit learning/retention and impairments in short-term, working and declarative memory in the same group of patients (e.g., patients with sleep disorders, (Csabi et al, 2015(Csabi et al, , 2014Virag et al, 2015)). Those findings suggest that implicit learning/memory might be less susceptible to illness compared to other forms of learning/memory (Reber, 1993;Reber and Allen, 2000;Reber, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intact implicit statistical learning in borderline personality disorder

Unoka¹,

Vizin²,

Bjelik³

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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A B S T R A C TWide-spread neuropsychological deficits have been identified in borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous research found impairments in decision making, declarative memory, working memory and executive functions; however, no studies have focused on implicit learning in BPD yet. The aim of our study was to investigate implicit statistical learning by comparing learning performance of 19 BPD patients and 19 healthy, age-, education-and gender-matched controls on a probabilistic sequence learning task. Moreover, we also tested whether participants retain the acquired knowledge after a delay period. To this end, participants were retested on a shorter version of the same task 24 h after the learning phase. We found intact implicit statistical learning as well as retention of the acquired knowledge in this personality disorder. BPD patients seem to be able to extract and represent regularities implicitly, which is in line with the notion that implicit learning is less susceptible to illness compared to the more explicit processes.

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Section: Justification Of the Required Sample Sizesupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intact implicit statistical learning in borderline personality disorder

Unoka¹,

Vizin²,

Bjelik³

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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“…7 Recently, a number of studies have shown that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) do not demonstrate these motor skill improvements following a sleep episode. [8][9][10][11] Furthermore, this impairment has been shown to be associated with the extent of sleep fragmentation occurring during intervening sleep. 9 To our knowledge, it is still unknown if this impairment can be alleviated by effective treatment of OSA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnight Motor Skill Learning Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Landry

O'Driscoll

Hamilton

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objective: To determine the effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in alleviating known impairments in the overnight consolidation of motor skill learning in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Twenty-five patients with untreated moderate-severe OSA, 13 first-night CPAP users, 17 compliant CPAP users, and 14 healthy control patients were trained on a motor sequence learning task (Sequential Finger Tapping Task, SFTT) and were subsequently tested prior to and after polysomnographic recorded sleep. Measures of subjective sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale) and sustained attention (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) were also completed before and after sleep. Results: Typical analyses of overnight improvement on the SFTT show significantly greater overnight gains in motor task speed in controls (+11.6 ± 4.7%, p = 0.007) and compliant CPAP users (+8.9 ± 4.3%, p = 0.008) compared to patients with OSA (−4.86 ± 4.5%). Additional analyses suggest that these improvements in motor performance occurred prior to the sleep episode, as all groups significantly improved (15% to 22%) over a 10-min presleep rest period. Thereafter, performance in all groups significantly deteriorated over sleep (6% to 16%) with trends toward patients with OSA showing greater losses in performance compared to control patients and compliant CPAP users. No between-group differences in subjective sleepiness and sustained attention were found presleep and postsleep. Conclusions: The current data suggest impairments in overnight motor learning in patients with OSA may be a combination of deficient stabilization of memory over a sleep episode as well as increased vulnerability to time on task fatigue effects. Compliant CPAP usage possibly offsets both of these impediments to learning outcomes by improving both sleep quality and subsequent daytime function. Keywords: cognitive impairment, consolidation, CPAP, learning, memory, motor skills, obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, sleep dependent Citation: Landry S, O'Driscoll DM, Hamilton GS, Conduit R. Overnight motor skill learning outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea: effect of continuous positive airway pressure.

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“…Similarly to Borragán et al (2015) we found dissociation in the effect of sleep (and/or sleep disorder) on offline changes of general motor skills and sequence-specific learning: adult OSA patients showed impaired consolidation of general motor but not on sequence-specific learning (Csabi et al, 2014). To our knowledge, the current study is the first to assess the effects of sleep disorder on declarative and non-declarative memory Frontiers in Human Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.orgfunctions before and after a nighttime sleep in children.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Previous studies examined memory encoding and consolidation before and after sleep in patients with sleep apnea in adults, and showed that declarative and some aspects of non-declarative memory performance is affected in patients with OSA Csabi et al, 2014). Similarly to Borragán et al (2015) we found dissociation in the effect of sleep (and/or sleep disorder) on offline changes of general motor skills and sequence-specific learning: adult OSA patients showed impaired consolidation of general motor but not on sequence-specific learning (Csabi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The effect of Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB)on declarative and non-declarative memory processes in children and adults

Csábi¹

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Declarative and non-declarative memory consolidation in children with sleep disorder. Neuroscience, 9, 709. (IF: 3.63) III. Németh, D., Csábi, E., Janacsek, K., Várszegi, M., & Mari, Z. (2012) Clinical Neuroscience,, 9-18. Frontiers in Human.III. Benedek, P., Kiss, G., Csábi, E., & Katona, G. (2014). Postoperative monitoring of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Orvosi Hetilap, 155(18), 703-707. Abstracts related to the thesis:I. Csábi E., Benedek, P., Janacsek, K., Katona, P., & Németh D. we investigated the effect of disrupted sleep on declarative and non-declarative forms of learning in children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). In Study II, we examined the consolidation of these memory processes in children with SDB. In case of online learning, our results showed that children with SDB exhibited generally weaker declarative memory performance while the online non-declarative learning was preserved. Regarding the offline changes, we found intact consolidation in case of declarative memory as well as sequencespecific and general skill aspects of non-declarative memory in SDB. In Study III, we investigated the more attention-demanding working memory performance and less attentiondemanding non-declarative learning in adult OSA patients. In Study IV, we tested the consolidation of general skill and sequence-specific aspects of non-declarative memory. In the case of online learning, we observed that OSA patients showed general skill learning and sequence-specific learning similar to that of controls. In contrast, the working memory performance was impaired in the OSA group. A case of the consolidation on non-declarative learning we revealed differences in offline changes of general skill learning between OSA patients and controls. The control group showed offline improvement from evening to morning, thus they became faster in the morning after the offline period, while the OSA group did not. In contrast, we failed to find differences in the offline changes of sequence-specific knowledge between the groups. Finally, in Study V, we examined the effectiveness of positive airway pressure treatment after two and half month. We revealed significant improvement in the respiratory functions during sleep which led to improvement in sleep pattern and reduced sleepiness. In the case of cognitive functions we observed significant improvement in complex working memory, short-and long-term verbal memory and shortterm visual memory. In contrast, the OSA patients demonstrated significant impairment in long-term visual memory. In the case of anxiety, we found significant improvement in state anxiety level and trend in trait anxiety which was correlated with hypoxic events during sleep.Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between slow wave sleep and executive functions. The respiratory functions and hypoxic events during sleep associated negatively with executive functions and explicit memory.Our results can give us a deeper insight into the effect of sleep on the developing brain and memory functions ...

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The Consolidation of Implicit Sequence Memory in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Cited by 29 publications

References 44 publications

Intact implicit statistical learning in borderline personality disorder

Intact implicit statistical learning in borderline personality disorder

Overnight Motor Skill Learning Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

The effect of Sleep-Disordered Breathing (SDB)on declarative and non-declarative memory processes in children and adults

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