The Constraints to Industry in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

This paper identifies the main impediments to investment and industrial productivity in Punjab, which have led to a decline in growth. This is done by analyzing the impediments and constraints to productivity and investment using the World Bank’s 2007 Investment Climate Assessment (ICA) data at the level of Punjab’s seven main industrial zones. This is followed by an analysis of a pilot survey of 100 firms conducted in the Lahore district. Almost 71 percent of the firms surveyed declared electricity to be the most important constraint and macroeconomic stability was ranked as the second-most important constraint. An inadequate workforce, access to raw materials, and corruption were ranked third, fourth, and fifth, respectively.

Health hazards of child labor in the leather products and surgical instrument manufacturing industries of Sialkot, Pakistan

“…For control population, the SOD activity showed significant correlation and regression with age (r ¼ 1.00, r 2 0.99) and general exposure (r ¼ 0.80, r 2 ¼ 0.77), respectively. These results were consistent with the findings reported by Khan et al (Hussain et al, 2012). Considering heavy metals, the significant positive regression coefficients for SOD activity were observed in the following order: Cr > Zn > Mn > Cu > Fe > Pb in the surgical industries and Zn > Cr > Pb in the leather industries (Table 5).…”

“…Currently, the concentration of Cr in the blood revealed a significant positive correlation with the SOD levels in the exposed children of the surgical industries (r ¼ 0.72) and leather industries (r ¼ 0.77). Khan et al also reported a significant positive correlation between Cr levels and SOD activity (p < 0.05) in the population generally exposed to leather tanneries (Hussain et al, 2012). In the previous study, we also reported similar findings for the workers exposed to the elevated levels of Cr in the surgical industries (Junaid et al, 2016a).…”

Potential Heavy Metals Accumulation of Indigenous Plant Species along the Mafic and Ultramafic Terrain in the Mohmand Agency, Pakistan

“…Rocks of the study area are part of the Kot-Prang Ghar mélange in Prang Ghar, Bucha, and Nawakille areas [18]. Mafic and ultramafic rocks in this zone are predominantly composed of gabbros, greenstones/pillow lavas, peridotites, dunites and serpentinites.…”

“…Geological and samples location map of the Bucha and surrounding areas, Mohmand agency, Pakistan[18].…”

Seasonal assessment and classification of aerosols transported to Lahore using AERONET and MODIS deep blue retrievals

“…Punjab is the country's most vibrant and dynamic province contributing almost 60% to the overall annual production of industrial goods and services (Hussain et al, 2012). Lahore is the capital and one of the biggest populated cities of Punjab with the largest urban sprawl and most diversified industrial estates (Ali et al, 2014).…”