The construction of a joint taxonomy of traits and situations

Berge, M. ten; Raad, Boele De

doi:10.1002/per.410

Cited by 38 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Current models of personality suggest that personality is both a stable underlying trait and a dynamic process that emerges situationally. Previous attempts to assess personality using these models have focused on features of the physical environment (e.g., Ten Berge & De Raad, ) or on broad interpersonal roles (e.g., Heller et al., ; Wood, ). The current findings suggest that interpersonal relationships at a dyadic level can also be useful in conceptualizing personality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Personality Expression Across Contexts: A Social Network Approach

Clifton

2013

Journal of Personality

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The current research investigated how the contextual expression of personality differs across interpersonal relationships. Two related studies were conducted with college samples (Study 1: N = 52, 38 female; Study 2: N = 111, 72 female). Participants in each study completed a five-factor measure of personality and constructed a social network detailing their 30 most important relationships. Participants used a brief Five-Factor Model scale to rate their personality as they experience it when with each person in their social network. Multiple informants selected from each social network then rated the target participant's personality (Study 1: N = 227, Study 2: N = 777). Contextual personality ratings demonstrated incremental validity beyond standard global self-report in predicting specific informants' perceptions. Variability in these contextualized personality ratings was predicted by the position of the other individuals within the social network. Across both studies, participants reported being more extraverted and neurotic, and less conscientious, with more central members of their social networks. Dyadic social network-based assessments of personality provide incremental validity in understanding personality, revealing dynamic patterns of personality variability unobservable with standard assessment techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Personality Expression Across Contexts: A Social Network Approach

Clifton

2013

Journal of Personality

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“…Situations have also been classified in terms of how particular types of people would be expected to behave in them (Bem & Funder, 1978). Others have approached situations from the perspective of the human personality traits that people can express in them (Ten Berge & De Raad, 2001). The research reported here takes a different approach to the structure of situations by exploring people's perceptions of the qualities or traits ascribed to situations.…”

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confidence: 99%

The structure of perceived qualities of situations

Edwards

Templeton

2005

Eur. J. Soc. Psychol.

164

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Situations can be seen as having attributes or qualities in much the same way as people have traits. The structure of people's perceptions of these situation qualities was explored. A comprehensive list of adjectives that might describe situations was generated, and people rated situations using samples of the words. Across several samples of words and participants and several analytic methods, four factors show up regularly (positivity, negativity, productivity, and ease of negotiation). In a second study, it was shown that these factors predict the way in which people freely sort situations. The conceptual nature of these factors and of situation qualities is discussed, with particular emphasis on how people's goals and perceived outcomes influence their perceptions of situations. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The concept of the situation has long held a central place in social and personality psychology. It is traditional in these fields to divide the forces that influence behaviour into those internal to the person, such as personality traits and motivations, and those residing in the external situation, such as social norms or environmental cues. A great deal of comprehensive descriptive and taxonomic work has been done on the 'internal' factors (see John & Srivastava, 1999, for a review). There is also a large literature on how people perceive these internal factors in others (for an overview, see Gilbert, 1998). There is less work of this sort regarding situations. Situational variables do, of course, serve as important variables in a large number of social psychological studies, but almost always in terms of a specific factor thought to impact upon some other variable or process of interest. It is rare that the situation itself and the perception of it are the focus of study.Comprehensive descriptive studies of situations do exist (for examples, see Magnusson, 1981), as do studies of the perception of situations (e.g. Cantor, Mischel, & Schwartz, 1982;Champagne & Pervin, 1987;Forgas, 1976). Unfortunately, much of this work exists outside of the mainstream of social psychology, the field typically most associated with situational factors. Recently, Funder (2001), Hogan and Roberts (2000), and Rozin (2001) all criticized social psychology for lacking a taxonomy of social situations (cf. Asch, 1952;Frederickson, 1972;Pervin, 1978;Rozin, 2001 have been notable exceptions to this trend (e.g. Argyle, Furnham, & Graham, 1981;Kelley et al., 2003), 1 but it is probably noncontroversial to say that social psychology lacks a generally accepted taxonomy of situations. The importance of this type of descriptive work for social psychology has been discussed at length by Rozin (2001).Much of the taxonomic work that has been done on situations has been conducted by personality psychologists (and by researchers working in environmental and organizational psychology). Personality psychologists realized in the 1970s that the expression of personality traits and other human attributes depends in part on the...

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“…The selected situational dimensions included variations in the pleasantness of the situation (Ten Berge & De Raad, 2001); the status of interaction partners (Kammrath et al, 2005; Moskowitz, 1994); the relationships involved and the sex of interaction partners (Diener & Larsen, 1984; Kammrath et al, 2005; Moskowitz, 1994; Oishi et al, 2004; Saucier et al, 2007); the task setting or location (Emmons et al, 1986; Furr & Funder, 2004; Murtha et al, 1996; Saucier et al, 2007); the degree of situational and behavioral freedom in the situation (Chirkov, Ryan, Kim, & Kaplan, 2003; Emmons et al, 1986; Moskowitz, 1982); the extent of social and intellectual demands (Shoda, Mischel, & Wright, 1993; Ten Berge & De Raad, 2002); familiarity with the situation (Funder & Colvin, 1991; Kammrath et al, 2005; Ten Berge & De Raad, 2001); and the extent to which the situation calls for cooperation or competition (Denissen & Penke, 2008; Reis, 2008). …”

Section: Overview Of the Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural similarities and differences in perceived affordances of situations for Big Five behaviors

Church

Katigbak

Prado

2010

Journal of Research in Personality

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The perceived affordance or conduciveness of various situations for Big Five behaviors was investigated in the United States (N = 188) and the Philippines (N = 215). The basic proposition that different situations afford different trait-relevant behaviors was supported, at least in the perceptions of cultural informants. Cultural similarities exceeded differences, and in both cultures individuals perceived Big Five behaviors as expressed in if-then patterns of variation across situations. Americans and Filipinos showed some similarity in the general dimensions along which situations are construed, but meaningful differences in the construal of certain interpersonal situations were also observed. The findings contribute to efforts to integrate person and situation approaches in personality and social psychology.

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The construction of a joint taxonomy of traits and situations

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Variability in Personality Expression Across Contexts: A Social Network Approach

Variability in Personality Expression Across Contexts: A Social Network Approach

The structure of perceived qualities of situations

Cultural similarities and differences in perceived affordances of situations for Big Five behaviors

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