The construction of compulsory heterosexuality by referees in women’s football in Turkey

Kavasoğlu, İrem

doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1869535

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…(Melisa) Yukarıdaki alıntılar gösteriyor ki, futbolun idealize ettiği kadınlık normuyla uyumlu olmayan ya da bu norma yakınlaşmayı kabul etmeyen futbolcular için milli takıma gidememek, alandaki ataerkil iktidar ilişkilerinin en temel cezalandırma pratiklerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkıyor. Nitekim hem Türkiye bağlamını tartışan araştırmalar hem de Batı kültürlerindeki kadın futboluna dair pek çok araştırma, bu alandaki sporcuların "kadın gibi kadın" olmadıkları takdirde karşılaştıkları normalleştirme çabalarını ve eğer sporcular norma uymuyorsa buradan doğan cezalandırma pratiklerini bizlere göstermektedir (Caudwell, 2011;Duncan, 1994;George, 2005;Johnstone, 1996;Krane, 2001;Kavasoğlu, 2021;Öztürk, 2017).…”

Section: Malumun İlamı: çEmberin Dışına çıKan Futbolcuları Hizaya çE...unclassified

“Your Hair or the Team!” Body Politics and Possibilities of Resistance in Women’s Football in Turkey

Kavasoğlu

Bozok

2022

Fe Dergi Feminist Ele

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This research aims to discuss the experiences of the athletes in the field of football who are notcompatible with the normalized body in women’s football in Turkey, with Foucault's conceptual tools.We focused on football as a research field since it is one of the fields where gender inequality in sportis most visible. In this manner, women’s football idealizes cis-heteronormative femininity. Wecollected the data of this research, using qualitative research design, through in-depth interviews.Between May 2020 and January 2021, we conducted face-to-face and online individual interviewswith nine active female football players, which lasted an average of one and a half hours. Weanalyzed the data with thematic analysis method. The findings of the research reveal that the “ideal”female football player in women’s football in Turkey means having long hair, being feminine,beautiful and well-groomed. On the other hand, being a football player outside of this ideal isexperienced as an obstacle to their careers in football clubs and the national team. Actors in thefootball field dictate to football players, who are described as short-haired and masculine, to growtheir hair long and be more feminine, with various discipline practices. Because of these disciplinarypractices, athletes experience serious tensions between their body image and subjectivity and oncontinuing their football careers. However, the strategies they developed to avoid discriminationbecause of their body appearance, play a motivating role in their empowerment. As a result, women’sfootball is a field, where normalization and punishment practices dominate athletes, who are not comformable with cis-heteronormative femininity, but where athletes also experience empowerment despite the tensions they experience.

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Section: Malumun İlamı: çEmberin Dışına çıKan Futbolcuları Hizaya çE...unclassified

“Your Hair or the Team!” Body Politics and Possibilities of Resistance in Women’s Football in Turkey

Kavasoğlu

Bozok

2022

Fe Dergi Feminist Ele

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Attitudes Toward Sexual Diversity in Sport Among Undergraduate Students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences in Spain

Ospina-Betancurt

Martínez-Patiño

Cuevas

et al. 2022

Sexuality & Culture

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Sexual diversity in the world of sport has not been widely researched in the Spanish context. Studies on national and international sexual diversity tend to leave out transgender issues and intersexuality. The new framework of action of the International Olympic Committee in 2021 advocates for integration and non-discrimination based on gender identity and sex variations in sport. We analyzed attitudes toward sexual diversity in sport among a sample of PASS university students using the Scale of Attitudes Toward Sexual Diversity Among Athletes and the statistical package R. Each item was subjected to frequency analysis and the results were displayed in contingency tables. The sample comprised 610 students from three Spanish universities (68.85% male and 31.15% female, with a mean age of 21.72 years; SD = 4.12). Of the four factors analyzed, the lowest levels of rejection were Cognitive Attitudes (96.72%) and Attitudes Toward Transgression (86.89%). One of the most important variables was gender, with women showing greater tolerance toward sexual diversity in sport than men.

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Video Assistant Referee (VAR), gender and football refereeing: a scoping review

Skirbekk

2023

Soccer & Society

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The construction of compulsory heterosexuality by referees in women’s football in Turkey

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

“Your Hair or the Team!” Body Politics and Possibilities of Resistance in Women’s Football in Turkey

“Your Hair or the Team!” Body Politics and Possibilities of Resistance in Women’s Football in Turkey

Attitudes Toward Sexual Diversity in Sport Among Undergraduate Students of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences in Spain

Video Assistant Referee (VAR), gender and football refereeing: a scoping review

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