The Construction of Decision Model of Multi-channel Closed-loop Supply Chain Based on Big Data

Recycling channel strategy in the presence of free-riding in the carbon neutrality era

“…Other scholars focused on analyzing the competition in recycling channels. They proved that manufacturers, retailers, and third-party recyclers, as mainstream recyclers, play an important role in the decision making of recycling services [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 17 , 29 , 31 , 49 , 51 , 52 ]. Most of these studies employ various game models (i.e., Stackelberg game model) to identify the optimal recycling channel [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 30 , 48 ].…”

“…Given these issues, researchers have turned their attention to the CLSC. A plethora of papers explore CLSC development from various angles, including the impact of free-riding behaviors [ 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 ], waste product recycling [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] ], competition [ [13] , [14] , [15] ], channel power structures [ 16 , 17 ], different collector dynamics [ 18 , 19 ], collection effort implementation [ 20 ], and diverse collection cost structures [ 21 ]. Researchers have found that the decisions of traditional and online retailers are influenced by consumer free riding [ 22 , 23 ].…”