The Contamination Status of Heavy Metals Associated with Fruits and Vegetables Collected from some Markets at El- Gharbia Governorate

Abstract

Continuous consumption of local vegetables (veg.) and fruits polluted with heavy metals (HMs) lead to metals accumulation over time causing an array of diseases. Therefore, the current work aimed to assess the concentrations of heavy metals (HM) namely Cadmium Cd , Lead Pb , Nickel Ni , Cobalt Co and Chromium Cr in various fruits (Grab, Apple, Mango and Figs) and vegetables (Tomato, Cucumber, Potato, Jews mallow and Nasturtium) traded in three different markets i.e. Tanta (M1), Kafr Elzayate (M2) and Zefta (M3), at El-Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. The results showed that, great variations in the HMs concentrations across the vegetables and fruits and also within the same vegetable/fruits sourced from different markets which are exceeded the recommended WHO/FAO standers to humans. In various studied samples, Cd content ranged from 0.525 to 3.96 mg kg-1 , Co value ranged from 0.001 to 0.95 mg kg-1 , Cr concentration ranged from 1.09 to 4.96 mg kg-1 , Ni concentration ranged from 1.04 to 4.66 mg kg-1 and Pb concentration ranged from 2.02 to 4.88 mg kg-1 , respectively. The daily intake of metals through food consumption was in the ascending order Co < Cd < Ni < Pb < Cr for M2 market and hazard index (HI) for most of examined metals was more than 1 and this revealed desirable effects on human health. The excessive content of these HMs in vegetables and fruits samples may causes number of diseases with continued consumption.

Analysis of physicochemical attributes, contamination level of trace metals and assessment of health risk in mango fruits from Southern region Ethiopia

“…Hazard index (HI) of trace metals in this study were determined from 7.44 × 10 −3 to 3.49 × 10 −1 indicates 1 which can be the acceptable level of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect on human health. The amounts of HI obtained from present study were lower than the reports from 0.912073 to 1.644178 in Egypt [56] .…”

“…The minimum THQ value calculated in Zn (3.67 ×10 −4 ) from male adults in Damot Gale. According to the values Table 5 , the THQ amounts for Cd and Pb were below from literature report in Egypt by [56] , who estimates for Cd from 0.672432 to 1.267432 and for Pb 0.20988–0.382063. Hazard index (HI) of trace metals in this study were determined from 7.44 × 10 −3 to 3.49 × 10 −1 indicates 1 which can be the acceptable level of non-carcinogenic adverse health effect on human health.…”

“…In male adults EDI for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd were analysed from 9.57 × 10 −4 to 1.22 × 10 −3 , 9.9 × 10 −5 to 1.96 × 10 −4 , 1.1 × 10 −4 to 2.63 × 10 −4 , 1.56 × 10 −5 to 1.63 × 10 −4 , 2.87 × 10 −5 to 7.96 × 10 −5 and for female adults, 1.03 × 10 −3 to1.31 × 10 −3 , 1.07 × 10 −4 to 2.1 × 10 −4 , 1.18 × 10 −4 to 2.83 × 10 −4 , 1.67 × 10 −5 to 1.75 × 10 −4 , 3.08 × 10 −5 to 8.56 × 10 −5 mg/kg/day respectively. According to the earlier report by [56] , the value of EDI of Cd ranged from 6.72 × 10 −4 to 1.267 × 10 −3 mg/kg/day and Pb 8.4 × 10 −4 to1.528 × 10 −3 mg/kg/day, and Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn values were 0.095–0.281, 0.008–0.21, 0.0015–0.012, and 0.026–0.421 mg/kg/day [57] , higher than the present study.…”

Concentrations Of Heavy Metals In Leafy Vegetables Taken From A Local Market In Kundra, Koraput, Odisha, India

“…Zinc is required to develop even functions and express genes in our bodies in addition to helping in the synthesis of different proteins and healing of wounds. [15][16][17] Our study suggests the zinc concentration in Methi leaves is the highest while it is the lowest in Drumstick leaves, so the leaves are listed in the following order: Methi leaves > Lal Bhaji > Drumstick leaves. The zinc is present in this kind of leaves is extremely low.…”

Evaluation of the Biological Phenomenon of Cadmium Accumulation of Wheat Crop in Salt-Affected Soil

“…Recent statistics indicate that the total land area affected by salts amounts to 955 million hectares, which is about 10% of the land area. Where it suffers from about 100 countries in the region, Iraq is considered one of the countries that have a high percentage of soil affected by salts compared to the total area, and more than half of the lands suffer from salinity, whose source is either natural processes or successive irrigation for thousands of years [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, to show the extent to which some economic crops are affected by soil affected by salts and polluted with cadmium when growing plants that are characterized as growing naturally under salt stress and that can absorb salts in large quantities, which contributes to reducing pollution with this element in the soil, which is one of the most important problems, Which many developing countries suffer from as a result of its close relationship with human life and health, as its presence in the soil causes a decrease in the rate of plant growth as well as its impact on many vital processes during the life of the plant to strongly discourage the process of photosynthesis, which in turn leads to a decrease in plant productivity.…”