The Contemporary American Drug Overdose Epidemic in International Perspective

Ho, Jessica Y.

doi:10.1111/padr.12228

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…14 60 61 This pattern is more pronounced in the USA but has also been observed in other Nordic and Anglophone countries. [61][62][63] Increasing shares from smoking-related causes such as respiratory diseases and BMJ Global Health certain cancers could signal increasing proportions of smokers entering old age, but could also come about through competing risks. Ischaemic heart diseases are one of the leading causes of death among smokers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification in causes of death in low-mortality countries: emerging patterns and implications

2020

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IntroductionAn important role of public health organisations is to monitor indicators of variation, so as to disclose underlying inequality in health improvement. In industrialised societies, more individuals than ever are reaching older ages and have become more homogeneous in their age at death. This has led to a decrease in lifespan variation, with substantial implications for the reduction of health inequalities. We focus on a new form of variation to shed further light on our understanding of population health and ageing: variation in causes of death.MethodsData from the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database are used to estimate cause-of-death distributions and life tables in 15 low-mortality countries. Cause-of-death variation, using 19 groups of causes, is quantified using entropy measures and analysed from 1994 to 2017.ResultsThe last two decades have seen increasing diversity in causes of death in low-mortality countries. There have been important reductions in the share of deaths from diseases of the circulatory system, while the share of a range of other causes, such as diseases of the genitourinary system, mental and behavioural disorders, and diseases of the nervous system, has been increasing, leading to a more complex cause-of-death distribution.ConclusionsThe diversification in causes of death witnessed in recent decades is most likely a result of the increase in life expectancy, together with better diagnoses and awareness of certain diseases. Such emerging patterns bring additional challenges to healthcare systems, such as the need to research, monitor and treat a wider range of diseases. It also raises new questions concerning the distribution of health resources.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversification in causes of death in low-mortality countries: emerging patterns and implications

2020

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“…For example, adults in this age group have increased rates of drug and alcohol abuse and may experience increased morbidity and mortality related to these behaviors in future decades (Corrao et al. ; Ronan and Herzig ; Ho ).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we find that mortality increases in the recent period at the younger working ages (25–44) are greater for males than females in all residential categories, whereas there is little sex difference in trends at ages 45–64. This pattern is potentially related to the younger age profile of drug overdose mortality for men relative to women (Ho ).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Non‐Hispanic White Mortality in the United States by Metropolitan‐Nonmetropolitan Status and Region, 1990–2016

Elo¹,

Hendi²,

Ho³

et al. 2019

Population & Development Rev

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“…32 This mortality problem in this age group in the USA is at least partly driven by a combination of socioeconomic deprivation and a major problem of misuse of medicinal opioids. 33 However, although drug-related deaths in England and Wales have increased, 34 to date the increase has been on a smaller scale. 33 Further research to understand why adult mortality rates in England and Wales at working age and older ages are faltering relative to many other countries must be prioritised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 However, although drug-related deaths in England and Wales have increased, 34 to date the increase has been on a smaller scale. 33 Further research to understand why adult mortality rates in England and Wales at working age and older ages are faltering relative to many other countries must be prioritised.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in life expectancy and age-specific mortality in England and Wales, 1970–2016, in comparison with a set of 22 high-income countries: an analysis of vital statistics data

Leon

Jdanov

Shkolnikov

2019

The Lancet Public Health

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Background Since 2010, the rate of improvement in life expectancy in the UK has slowed. We aimed to put this trend in the context of changes over the long term and in relation to a group of other high-income countries. Methods We compared sex-specific trends in life expectancy since 1970 and age-specific mortality in England and Wales with median values for 22 high-income countries (in western Europe, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, and the USA). We used annual mortality data (1970-2016) from the Human Mortality Database. Findings Until 2011-16, male life expectancy in England and Wales followed the median life expectancy of the comparator group. By contrast, female life expectancy was below the median and is among the lowest of the countries considered. In 2011-16, the rate of improvement in life expectancy slowed sharply for both sexes in England and Wales, and slowed more moderately in the comparator group because of negative trends in all adult age groups. This deceleration resulted in a widening gap between England and Wales and the comparators from 2011 onwards. Since the mid-2000s, for the first time, mortality rates in England and Wales among people aged 25-50 years were appreciably higher than in the comparator group. Interpretation Although many countries have seen slower increases in life expectancy since 2011, trends in England and Wales are among the worst. The poor performance of female life expectancy over the long-term is in part driven by the relative timing of the smoking epidemic across countries. The previously overlooked higher mortality among young working-age adults in England and Wales relative to other countries deserves urgent attention.

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The Contemporary American Drug Overdose Epidemic in International Perspective

Cited by 61 publications

References 76 publications

Diversification in causes of death in low-mortality countries: emerging patterns and implications

Diversification in causes of death in low-mortality countries: emerging patterns and implications

Trends in Non‐Hispanic White Mortality in the United States by Metropolitan‐Nonmetropolitan Status and Region, 1990–2016

Trends in life expectancy and age-specific mortality in England and Wales, 1970–2016, in comparison with a set of 22 high-income countries: an analysis of vital statistics data

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