The content and toxicity of heavy metals in soils affected by aerial emissions from the Pechenganikel plant

Евдокимова, Г. А.; Mozgova, N. P.; Korneikova, M. V.

doi:10.1134/s1064229314050044

Cited by 26 publications

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“…In the studied substrates of the Barents Sea coast, biomass of mycobiota was less than in background landscapes of the Kola Peninsula [ 5 , 7 ], but it was 1.5–2 times higher than in soils of the city of Apatity, which is located farther south in the Murmansk region [ 21 ]. Apparently, this may be due to such limiting factors as heavy metal pollution by powerful enterprises in the cities of the Kola Peninsula [ 28 , 29 ]. The length of fungal mycelium in the studied samples was comparable to that for the soils at the Kandalaksha aluminum plant (also located on the Kola Peninsula) [ 19 ], but greater compared with these creatures’ length in soils of the Rybachiy Peninsula (northern part of the Kola Peninsula) [ 30 ] and in the north of Novaya Zemlya archipelago [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Soil Microbiome of Barents Sea Coast, Kola Peninsula

2021

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The soil microbiome of the Barents Sea coast of the Kola Peninsula is here characterized for the first time. The content of copies of ribosomal genes of archaea, bacteria, and fungi was determined by real-time PCR. Reserves and structure of biomass of soil microorganisms such as total biomass of fungi and prokaryotes, length and diameter of mycelium of fungi and actinomycetes, proportion of mycelium in biomass, number of spores and prokaryotic cells, proportion of small and large fungal propagules, and morphology of mycobiota spores were determined. The largest number of ribosomal gene copies was found for bacteria (from 6.47 × 109 to 3.02 × 1011 per g soil). The number of copies of ribosomal genes of fungi and archaea varied within 107–109 copies of genes/g soil. The biomass of microorganisms (prokaryotes and fungi in total) varied from 0.023 to 0.840 mg/g soil. The share of mycobiota in the microbial biomass ranged from 90% to 97%. The number of prokaryotes was not large and varied from 1.87 × 108 to 1.40 × 109 cells/g of soil, while the biomass of fungi was very significant and varied from 0.021 to 0.715 mg/g of soil. The length of actinomycete mycelium was small—from 0.77 to 88.18 m/g of soil, as was the length of fungal hyphae—an order of magnitude higher (up to 504.22 m/g of soil). The proportion of fungal mycelium, an active component of fungal biomass, varied from 25% to 89%. Most (from 65% to 100%) of mycobiota propagules were represented by specimens of small sizes, 2–3 microns. Thus, it is shown that, despite the extreme position on the mainland land of Fennoscandia, local soils had a significant number of microorganisms, on which the productivity of ecosystems largely depends.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Soil Microbiome of Barents Sea Coast, Kola Peninsula

2021

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“…Therefore, the plant component dies first under the effect of contamination, and then plant remainders are decomposed by microorganisms (Kadulin and Koptsik, 2013). This is confirmed by the conclusion (Evdokimova et al, 2014) that the modern contamination rate does not affect the amount of microorganisms in soils near the Pechenganikel' plant. There are two kinds of plant response to the effect of negative factors of the environment: regener ation (reconstruction of damaged organs) and physio logical protection (the prevention of adsorption of harmful substances inside the cells, their fixation by cell membranes, restricted transportation to sprouts, intracellular detoxication, reconstruction of mem brane structure, variations in cell metabolism, and accumulation in different organs) (Tyler et al, 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The main polluters are represented by the Severonikel' and Pechenganikel' plants, the largest sources of sulfur dioxide and HM in the Northern Europe. Long term contamination has resulted in a technogenic digression of forest ecosystems: destruc tion and death of tree layer, poor species composition of phytocenoses, low soil biota activity, soil contami nation, disturbance of biogeochemical element cycles, and low ecosystem productivity (Lesnye ekosistemy…, 1990;Evdokimova, 1995;Lukina and Nikonov, 1998;Koptsik et al, 2004;Evdokimova et al, 2014;Koptsik et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite detailed works on the response of microor ganisms to the technogenic contamination of forest ecosystems of the peninsula (Evdokimova, 1995;Koptsik et al, 2005;Blagodatskaya et al, 2008;Evdokimova et al, 2014), the intensity of soil CO 2 emission in situ is insufficiently studied, and the roles of microbial and root respiration is unknown. Soil remediation makes the estimation of CO 2 emission by soils more uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of technogenic contamination on carbon dioxide emission by soils in the Kola Subarctic

2015

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Carbon dioxide emission (CO 2 ) is the most important part of carbon turnover, which character izes the biological activity of soils. This parameter was investigated in background ecosystems and those that have undergone atmospheric contamination in the subarctic zone of the Kola Peninsula, the large industrial region. The Pechenganikel' plant located in the region is the largest source of sulfur dioxide and heavy metals in northern Europe. Long term contamination by its waste products has resulted in a technogenic digression of forest ecosystems: destruction and death of the tree layer, poorer species composition of phytocenoses, lower soil biota activity, soil contamination, disturbance of biogeochemical cycles of elements, and a drop in ecosystem productivity. Technogenic wastelands have been formed near the plant. Field studies have shown a slowing down of CO 2 emission by soils in situ from 190-230 C-CO 2 /m 2 h in the background pine forests to 130-160 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in pine forests at the defoliation stage, to 100 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in a technogenic pine thin forest, and to 5-20 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in technogenic wastelands. CO 2 emission from soils is more intensive in birch forests when compared to pine forests, and there is a tendency to decrease with soil con tamination from 290 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in the background soils to 210-220 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in birch forests at the defoliation stage and to 170-190 mg C-CO 2 /m 2 h in technogenic thin forests. The CO 2 emission by soils of technogenic thin soils and wastelands differs significant from the background levels. Soil CO 2 emis sion is characterized by a great spatial variability within biogeocenoses. It becomes lower in pine forests upon a rise in soil contamination. Soil respiration (CO 2 emission) shows the total production of carbon dioxide as a result of autotrophic (plant roots) and heterotrophic (soil microorganisms and animals) respiration. A decrease in part of the root respiration, contrary to soil contamination, was revealed in the region for the first time: it comprises from 38-57% in the background forests to 0% in wastelands. This is evidence that plants in biogeocenoses die first, while microorganisms are more resistant. Correlation analysis shows that soil res piration, and the role of roots in it, are directly related to the distance from the plant, the mass of small roots, and the content of carbon and nitrogen. An adverse correlation is seen for the content of available nickel and copper compounds in soils. The remediation of technogenic wastelands has favored intensification of biolog ical activity of the soils. Soil respiration becomes more active, and the role of roots in it is more effective under willow plantations with grass cover formed on man made fertile soil layer than in contaminated soils after lime and fertilizer application (chemo phytostabilization).

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“…Gas emissions of the Pechenganikel plant entering the soil contain sulfur compounds and heavy metals. The clear correlation between the content of the main pollutants in the soil (Cu and Ni) and the distance from the pollution source enabled the zoning based on the pollution gradient (Evdokimova et al 2014). Three zones were identified, differing in the intensity of soil pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with heavy metals (Northwest Russia, Murmansk region)

Redkina

Shalygina

2022

Czech Polar Rep.

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The analysis of algae and cyanobacteria in Albic Podzols affected by emissions of the copper–nickel plant Pechenganikel in the forest-tundra of the Arctic region was carried out. The main pollutants contained in the emissions and entering the soil are sulfur compounds and heavy non-ferrous metals. Algae and cyanobacteria were identified in soil samples collected in three zones differing in their distance from the pollution source: the zone of strong pollution (at a distance of 3 km southwest from the source of the emission), the zone of medium pollution (5-7 km), and the zone of weak pollution (16-25 km). In total, 61 species of eukaryotic algae and 2 species of cyanobacteria were found. In the studied soils, several species of algae were found with a high frequency, apparently resistant to unfavorable natural and anthropogenic factors: Chloromonas sp., Neocystis brevis, Parietochloris alveolaris, Pseudococcomyxa simplex, Stichococcus bacillaris, Interfilum terricola, Leptosira cf. obovata, Myrmecia bisecta, Nostoc muscorum. Algae from the Chlorophyta division predominated in all soils studied. Yellowgreen algae and diatoms were found only in the zone of strong pollution and were represented by a very small number of species. The presence of Microthamnion kuetzingianum, which is resistant to high acidity and heavy metals concentration, can be useful as an indicator of severe heavy metal contamination. Our study confirmed sensitivity of Vischeria magna to soil contamination with heavy metals. In long-term aspect, the species diversity of algae has increased by 35% in the soils influenced by the Pechenganikel plant in comparison with the data obtained 30 years ago, which probably indicates a certain decrease in anthropogenic load on the adjacent territories.

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The content and toxicity of heavy metals in soils affected by aerial emissions from the Pechenganikel plant

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Soil Microbiome of Barents Sea Coast, Kola Peninsula

Qualitative and Quantitative Characteristics of Soil Microbiome of Barents Sea Coast, Kola Peninsula

The effect of technogenic contamination on carbon dioxide emission by soils in the Kola Subarctic

Algae and cyanobacteria in soils polluted with heavy metals (Northwest Russia, Murmansk region)

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