The Content of Trace Elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg) in Fingernails of Children

Alexiou, D; Koutselinis, A.; Manolidis, C.; Boukis, D.; Papadatos, J.; Papadatos, C.

doi:10.1159/000250526

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The chemical composition of RHP is consistent with the findings obtained from investigations on the amino acid Fig. 1 A production scheme for RHP composition of various fibrous proteins, such as nail [35][36][37][38], fish epidermis [19] and bovine hoof [20]. As the results in Table 1 are similar to results in our previous studies [14,[22][23][24][25][26], these results are not discussed.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

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Ram horn peptone as a source of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, with a process

Kurbanoğlu

2004

J IND MICROBIOL BIOTECHNOL

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The present study deals with the production of citric acid from a ram horn peptone (RHP) by Aspergillus niger NRRL 330. A medium from RHP and a control medium (CM) were compared for citric acid production using A. niger in a batch culture. For this purpose, first, RHP was produced. Ram horns were hydrolyzed by treatment with acids (6 N H(2)SO(4), 6 N HCl) and neutralizing solutions. The amounts of protein, nitrogen, ash, some minerals, total sugars, total lipids and amino acids of the RHP were determined. RHP was compared with peptones with a bacto-tryptone from casein and other peptones. The results from RHP were similar to those of standard peptones. The optimal concentration of RHP for the production of citric acid was found to be 4% (w/w). A medium prepared from 4% RHP was termed ram horn peptone medium (RHPM). In comparison with CM, the content of citric acid in RHPM broth (84 g/l) over 6 days was 35% higher than that in CM broth (62 g/l). These results show that citric acid can be produced efficiently by A. niger from ram horn.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Nevertheless, RHP has essential amino acids, indicating a high nutritional value both for food, as feed and as a nitrogen source in growth media for microorganisms. The cysteine content of RHP is lower than that of some other fibrous proteins [18][19][20][21][35][36][37][38]. At this point, a satisfactory explanation cannot be offered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ram horn peptone as a source of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, with a process

Kurbanoğlu

2004

J IND MICROBIOL BIOTECHNOL

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“…Organic elements are carbon, sulfur and nitrogen, whereas inorganic elements are trace metals and electrolytes [6] . Most literature on elemental analysis of fingernails concerns trace elements [e.g., [7][8][9][10][11][12], whereas scarce literature refer to organic elements of fingernails. Available data consider nitrogen and sulfur content of fingernails in specific age groups like infants or in disease states [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] .…”

Section: Organic Elemental Composition Of Fingernailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Elemental Composition in Fingernail Plates Varies between Sexes and Changes with Increasing Age in Healthy Humans

Dittmar

Dindorf²,

Banerjee

2008

Gerontology

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Background: Keratin, an α-helical fibrous protein, is the primary component of human nail plates. No data on age-related changes in healthy subjects are present. Objective: This study investigated whether keratin amount and composition, as indicated by organic elemental composition of fingernails, varies with aging and between sexes. Methods: Nail clippings from 225 healthy individuals (93 males, 132 females), aged 20–90 years, were analyzed for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) contents with an automatic elemental analyzer. C/N and N/S ratios were calculated. The C/N ratio is indicative of keratin composition, i.e. the ratio of α-amino acids and protein. The relationship of elemental composition with dietary intake was analyzed by standardized food record. Results: Females have in their nails more sulfur (p < 0.001) and less nitrogen (p = 0.001), and thereby, a lower N/S ratio than males, whereas their carbon content is not different. With aging, the carbon content increases (p < 0.01, both sexes) and the nitrogen content decreases (p = 0.05, females), both leading to an increased C/N ratio (p < 0.001). By contrast, the sulfur content and the N/S ratio do not change with aging (p > 0.05). The carbon content correlates positively with macronutrient intake in females. Nitrogen and sulfur contents are not related with dietary intake. Conclusions: Results suggest that the N/S ratio is indicative of sex differences and the C/N ratio of aging in healthy humans. The increasing carbon content with ongoing age could be explained by loss of inorganic material from the nails, followed by a subsequent increase of organic material. The increasing C/N ratio gives evidence that keratin composition changes towards a higher amount of α-amino acids with aging.

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“…Hair analysis has also been widely used to assess fetal exposure to nicotine through maternal smoking during pregnancy (21)(22)(23) and childhood exposure to ETS (18,24,25). Fingernails and toenails have been used for the detection of drugs of abuse (26) and in studies of arsenic intoxication (27,28), occupational exposures (29,30), and environmental exposure of children to trace elements (31)(32)(33). Unlike hair, nails grow in two directions, length and thickness, thus leading to dual mechanisms of xenobiotic incorporation, via the nail matrix and nail bed (19,34).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Nicotine, Cotinine, and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol in Human Toenails

Stepanov

Feuer²,

Jensen³

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Numerous studies have quantified total cotinine (the sum of cotinine and cotinine-N-glucuronide) and total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol [NNAL; the sum of NNAL and its O-and N-glucuronides (NNAL-Glucs)] in the urine and blood of smokers, smokeless tobacco users, and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Analysis of hair and nails has several advantages over blood and urine testing, such as accumulation of xenobiotics during long-term exposure, ease of collection, and indefinite stability of samples. We developed sensitive methods for quantitation of nicotine, cotinine, and NNAL in human toenails. Nicotine and cotinine were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring. NNAL was assayed using liquid chromatographyelectrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry-selected reaction monitoring. The detection limits of the methods were 0.01 ng/mg toenail for nicotine, 0.012 ng/mg toenail for cotinine, and 0.02 pg/mg toenail for NNAL. In 35 smokers, the mean nicotine level was 5.9 F 5.6 ng/mg toenail, mean cotinine was 1.6 F 1.3 ng/mg toenail, and mean NNAL was 0.41 F 0.67 pg/mg toenail. Samples collected from six nonsmokers were negative for NNAL. In smokers, NNAL correlated with cotinine (r = 0.77; P < 0.0001). The results of this study for the first time show the presence of cotinine and NNAL in human toenails. These sensitive and quantitative methods should be useful in epidemiologic studies of the role of chronic tobacco smoke exposure, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure, in human cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15(12):2378 -83)

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The Content of Trace Elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mg) in Fingernails of Children

Cited by 31 publications

References 1 publication

Ram horn peptone as a source of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, with a process

Ram horn peptone as a source of citric acid production by Aspergillus niger, with a process

Organic Elemental Composition in Fingernail Plates Varies between Sexes and Changes with Increasing Age in Healthy Humans

Mass Spectrometric Quantitation of Nicotine, Cotinine, and 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol in Human Toenails

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