The continuous performance test, identical pairs version: II. Contrasting attentional profiles in schizophrenic and depressed patients

Cornblatt, Barbara A.; Lenzenweger, Mark F.; Erlenmeyer‐Kimling, L.

doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90188-1

Cited by 370 publications

(240 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Early cross-sectional studies have reported that schizophrenic patients exhibit CPT performance deficits whether they are chronically hospitalized (Orzack and Kornetsky 1966) or in remission (Asarnow and MacCrimmon 1978;Wohlberg and Kornetsky 1973), in comparison with normal controls. The deficits are relatively specific for schizophrenia as compared to other psychiatric disorders (Cornblatt et al 1989;Mussgay and Hertwig 1990). Similar deficits on CPT performance have also been demonstrated in populations at increased risk for schizophrenia, such as those with schizotypal personality disorders , relatives of schizophrenic patients (Chen et al 1998b;Mirsky et al 1995;Rutschmann et al 1977), and nonclinical subjects with high schizotypy scores (Chen et al 1998a;Lenzenweger et al 1991).…”

supporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of Atypical Neuroleptics on Sustained Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia A Trial of Risperidone Versus Haloperidol

Liu

Chen

Chang

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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supporting

confidence: 57%

Effects of Atypical Neuroleptics on Sustained Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia A Trial of Risperidone Versus Haloperidol

Liu

Chen

Chang

et al. 2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Cognitive measures assessed the domains of information processing speed (Trail Making Test, Part A [Reitan and Wolfson, 1993], Symbol Search and Digit Symbol subtests of the WAIS-III [Wechsler, 1997a]); attention (Continuous Performance Test-Identical Pairs d-prime [Cornblatt et al, 1989], Digit Span Forward subtest of the WAIS-III [Wechsler, 1997a], Digit Span Distractibility distracted and non-distracted total scores [Oltmanns and Neale, 1975]); working memory (Letter Number Sequencing and Digit Span Backward subtests of the WAIS-III [Wechsler, 1997a]); learning (total immediate recall scores from the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [Benedict et al, 1998], Logical Memory from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition [Wechsler, 1997b], and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised [Benedict, 1997]); memory (percent retention at delay for each of the learning tests); and executive functioning (Trail Making Test, Part B minus Part A [Reitan and Wolfson, 1993], Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 card version total correct [Kongs et al, 2000], Stroop Color-Word Interference Test interference measure [Golden, 1978], Controlled Oral Word Association Test FAS total correct [Benton and Hamsher, 1989] Raskin, 2004), which is a standardized, 30-minute task whose psychometric properties (Woods et al, in pressb) and construct validity are well supported (e.g., Carey et al, 2006;Woods et al, 2007a,b, Woods et al, in press-b). The MIST includes eight ProM tasks counterbalanced for 1) length of delay (2 or 15 minutes); 2) response type (verbal or action); and 3) cue type (time-based, e.g., "In 2 minutes, ask me what time this session ends," or event-based, e.g., "When I hand you a postcard, self-address it").…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological substrates and everyday functioning implications of prospective memory impairment in schizophrenia

Twamley¹,

Woods²,

Zurhellen³

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate impairment in prospective memory (ProM), which describes the multifaceted ability to execute a future intention. Despite its clear implications for everyday functioning, the neuropsychological substrates and functional correlates of ProM impairment in schizophrenia remain poorly understood. In this study, the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST), a standardized measure of ProM, was administered to 72 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological and psychiatric research evaluation. Results showed that ProM was positively correlated with standard clinical tests of attention, working memory, processing speed, learning, and executive functioning, but not delayed recall. In the context of multiple neuropsychological predictors, learning ability was the only domain that independently contributed to ProM. Importantly, better ProM was predictive of higher functional capacity (as measured by the UCSD Performance-Based Skills AssessmentBrief Version), above and beyond the variability explained by demographic and disease factors. Analysis of component processes revealed that event-based ProM, as well as no response (i.e., omission) and task substitution errors were the strongest predictors of everyday functioning. Overall, these findings suggest that ProM impairment in schizophrenia is associated with multiple cognitive substrates, particularly episodic learning deficits, and plays an important role in everyday living skills. Studies regarding the potential effectiveness of ProM-based remediation strategies to improve functional outcomes in schizophrenia are indicated.

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“…The primary outcome measure was attention as measured by the Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) Version 4.0 (Biobehavioral Technologies, New York, USA), developed for use in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls (Cornblatt et al, 1988(Cornblatt et al, , 1989. In this task, participants were asked to respond when two identical pairs of numbers were presented in sequence by pressing a mouse key as quickly as possible using the dominant hand.…”

Section: Neuropsychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

Barr

Culhane

Jubelt

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

215

151

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Abundant evidence indicates that the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) system is integral to regulation of attentional processes and is dysregulated in schizophrenia. Nicotinic agonists may have potential for the treatment of cognitive impairment in this disease. This study investigated the effects of transdermal nicotine on attention in individuals with schizophrenia (n ¼ 28) and healthy controls (n ¼ 32). All participants were nonsmokers in order to eliminate confounding effects of nicotine withdrawal and reinstatement that may occur in the study of smokers. Subjects received 14 mg transdermal nicotine and identical placebo in a randomized, placebocontrolled, crossover design. A cognitive battery was conducted before and 3 h after each patch application. The primary outcome measure was performance on the Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) Version. Nicotine significantly improved the performance on the CPT-IP as measured by hit reaction time, hit reaction time standard deviation and random errors in both groups. In addition, nicotine reduced commission errors on the CPT-IP and improved the performance on a Card Stroop task to a greater extent in those with schizophrenia vs controls. In summary, nicotine improved attentional performance in both groups and was associated with greater improvements in inhibition of impulsive responses in subjects with schizophrenia. These results confirm previous findings that a single dose of nicotine improves attention and suggest that nicotine may specifically improve response inhibition in nonsmokers with schizophrenia.

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The continuous performance test, identical pairs version: II. Contrasting attentional profiles in schizophrenic and depressed patients

Cited by 370 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Atypical Neuroleptics on Sustained Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia A Trial of Risperidone Versus Haloperidol

Effects of Atypical Neuroleptics on Sustained Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia A Trial of Risperidone Versus Haloperidol

Neuropsychological substrates and everyday functioning implications of prospective memory impairment in schizophrenia

The Effects of Transdermal Nicotine on Cognition in Nonsmokers with Schizophrenia and Nonpsychiatric Controls

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