The contradiction of entrepreneurship through affirmative action

Shome, Anthony

doi:10.22439/cjas.v27i1.2217

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Malaysia is among the few countries globally that incorporated an affirmative action policy that guarantees the ethnic Malay majority preferential rights to government projects, public administration recruitment, and tertiary education admissions. Hence, this “ crutch-mentality ” culture, in some ways, goes against the spirit of entrepreneurship by eliminating the psychological aspects of risk-taking and resilience ( Shome and Hamidon, 2009 ). Malaysian entrepreneurs, in some ways as this study has indicated, have gradually shifted their mindset away from the legacy ways of overdependency on government-related assistance and political affiliations.…”

Section: Implications and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do locus of control influence business and personal success? The mediating effects of entrepreneurial competency

Hamzah

Othman

2023

Front. Psychol.

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This research aims to assess the influence of locus of control on the expression of entrepreneurial competency in a small business setting. Specifically, it predicts how this can generate positive outcomes in terms of business growth, quality of life, and sustainable entrepreneurial intention. Survey responses were collected from 102 small-sized firms in Malaysia. Structural equation modeling was performed to validate a mediation model and test nine research hypotheses. The results suggested that internal locus of control indirectly affects the venturing outcomes via entrepreneurial competency, whereas external locus of control has no such consequences. Thus, it can be deduced that beliefs based on internal attributions—rather than external forces, define entrepreneurs’ destiny, and their competencies serve a perpetual role in linking these beliefs to positive business performance, life satisfaction, and sustainable entrepreneurial behavior. In practical terms, policymakers may gradually shift their focus from supplying direct financial relief assistance to the owner-managers to empowering them with core competencies building programs, especially during disasters and recessions. This study unravels the complexities of the entrepreneurial psychology-competency interface and fills a gap in the literature by providing compelling evidence of the adverse consequences of relying too heavily on fate or external assistance.

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Section: Implications and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How do locus of control influence business and personal success? The mediating effects of entrepreneurial competency

Hamzah

Othman

2023

Front. Psychol.

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“…Accordingly, economic activities in Malaysia have been historically segregated along the racial lines whereas different ethnic groups dominate different sectors (Minai & Lucky 2011). For example, Indian-Hindus are highly represented as professionals despite being the smallest group (Shome & Hamidon 2009), meanwhile, Chinese-Buddhist have traditionally owned most of business enterprises (Omar 2006). As a result, although Malay Muslims are recognised as the original settlers of Malaysia, their economic activity concentrates in rural areas that resulted in lower economic position than other ethnic groups.…”

Section: Government Favouritism Toward Religions In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the poor performance of Malays in business activities despite their political dominance is persistent since Malaysia became independent from British colonial rule on August 1957. The number of Malay entrepreneurs is not only small but mainly relegated to traditional sectors such as agriculture and mining, which are struggling to keep up with more high value industries (Shome & Hamidon 2009).…”

Section: Government Favouritism Toward Religions In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity, Government Favouritism, and Entrepreneurial Intention: Empirical Evidence among University Students in Malaysia

2023

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Religion is no longer isolated from secular activities, including business. Many scholars hold that religious identity plays a vital role in a person's decision whether or not to be an entrepreneur. However, government favouritism for a particular religion could hinder entrepreneurialism amongst believers of other religions. To provide empirical evidence of it, this study examines whether the level of religiosity affects the entrepreneurial intention of individuals, and whether government favouritism influences the entrepreneurial intention of individuals in 'preferred versus non-preferred' religions. We tested our hypotheses using Entrepreneurial Student Survey (ESS) 2018-2019 data from 316 university students in Malaysia, analysed through ordered logit regressions. From the analysis, we found that government favouritism towards Islam has no effect on the entrepreneurial intention of Muslim students, nor does it discourage non-Muslim students from becoming entrepreneurs. Instead, the results show that entrepreneurial intention is strongly influenced by students' religiosity, regardless of the religion. In sum, this research suggests that the contemplation of entrepreneurship is determined by individual religiosity, not the institutional predisposition for religious groups. In terms of the policy implications, it is a strong signal for religious leaders to preach and promote entrepreneurship among their believers.

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“…Our DINA series mainly includes data from four sources: national accounts, household income surveys, fiscal data, and demographic statistics. 1984, namely, HIS 1984, 1989, 1997, 2002, 2004, 2009, 2012. HIS data are normally available in two forms: household-level and individual-level data.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income inequality and ethnic cleavages in Malaysia: Evidence from distributional national accounts (1984–2014)

Khalid

2021

Journal of Asian Economics

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In this paper, we document the evolution of income inequality in Malaysia, not only at the national level (for the period of 1984-2014) but also by ethnic group (for the period of 2002-2014). We combine information obtained from national accounts, household surveys, fiscal data, and demographic statistics. To our knowledge this is the first attempt to produce inequality measurements of Malaysia, which are fully consistent with the national accounts. Our research shows that despite Malaysia's exceptional economic growth rate, its growth has been inclusive. For the period of 2002-2014, the real income growth for the bottom 50% is the highest (5.2%), followed by the middle 40% (4.1%), the top 10% (2.7%) and then the top 1% (1.6%). However, while average growth rates are positive across all ethnic groups (Bumiputera 4.9%, Indians 4.8%, and Chinese 2.7%), the highest growth of real income per adult accrued to the Bumiputera in the top 1% (at 8.3%), which sharply contrasts the much lower growth rate of the Indians (at 3.4%) and negative income growth rates of the Chinese (at-0.6%). Despite the negative growth rate, the Chinese still account for the lion's share in the top 1%. In 2014, 60% of the adults in the top 1% income group are Chinese, while 33% Bumiputera, and 6% Indians (compared to 2002, in which the top 1% consists of 72% Chinese, 24% Bumiputera, and 3% Indians). We conclude that in this period, Malaysia's growth features an inclusive redistribution between income classes, but with a twist between racial groups.

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The contradiction of entrepreneurship through affirmative action

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

How do locus of control influence business and personal success? The mediating effects of entrepreneurial competency

How do locus of control influence business and personal success? The mediating effects of entrepreneurial competency

Religiosity, Government Favouritism, and Entrepreneurial Intention: Empirical Evidence among University Students in Malaysia

Income inequality and ethnic cleavages in Malaysia: Evidence from distributional national accounts (1984–2014)

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