The contribution of APTIMA Combo 2 assay to the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in genitourinary medicine setting

Moss, Susan; Mallinson, H

doi:10.1258/095646207781439784

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…We believe that this is unlikely to be due to false positives because all specimens were confirmed with AGC, which detects a different target sequence than AC2. This is consistent with the studies by Moss et al and Lavelle et al who concluded that those who were AC2 positive were likely to be true positives based on culture and partner data 22 23. However, in both studies, AC2 GC-positive samples were confirmed by repeating the same assay on the same specimen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative performance of culture using swabs transported in Amies medium and the Aptima Combo 2 nucleic acid amplification test in detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrom genital and extra-genital sites: a retrospective study: Table 1

et al. 2011

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The AC2 with AGC confirmation performs well at genital and extra-genital sites for detecting GC. Culture for GC using transport swabs performs poorly in asymptomatic men, symptomatic and asymptomatic women and at extra-genital sites. With the improved performance of nucleic acid amplification tests and the increase in GC antimicrobial resistance, research is needed into how best to optimise GC culture in settings where direct plating is not feasible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative performance of culture using swabs transported in Amies medium and the Aptima Combo 2 nucleic acid amplification test in detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrom genital and extra-genital sites: a retrospective study: Table 1

et al. 2011

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“…Inhibitory results for chlamydia and gonorrhoea were only found in female patients, reflecting earlier reports, although the exact mechanisms causing this are unclear 18. Alternative NAAT tests, such as the Aptima Combo 2, have a high sensitivity and specificity,8 and may provide fewer false-positive results while retaining high sensitivity 19…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Is non-invasive testing for sexually transmitted infections an efficient and acceptable alternative for patients? A randomised controlled trial

Brown¹,

Patel

Ives

et al. 2010

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…Sir: The paper by Wilson et al 1 on the relation between oestradiol levels and bacterial vaginosis (BV) provides further evidence for an hormonal influence in this condition. In 1996, or thereabouts, Phillip Hay and I made the suggestion that sex hormone changes might be involved in the aetiology of BV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three years of using Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) transcription-mediated amplification for gonorrhoea in a district hospital genitourinary medicine clinic shows it to be superior to culture and has a specificity of almost 100%

et al. 2008

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Sir: The paper by Wilson et al. 1 on the relation between oestradiol levels and bacterial vaginosis (BV) provides further evidence for an hormonal influence in this condition. In 1996, or thereabouts, Phillip Hay and I made the suggestion that sex hormone changes might be involved in the aetiology of BV. 2 This was prompted not only by BV being noted, in observations over the course of a menstrual cycle or longer, to occur often in the first part of the cycle, as mentioned by Wilson et al., 1 but also by the results of experiments in mice. In such female animals, subcutaneous administration of oestradiol produced a BV-like picture in Gram-stained vaginal smears through multiplication of the endogenous vaginal bacteria. 3 In addition, this hormone was the key factor in promoting vaginal colonization by Mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasmas and Neisseria gonorrhoeae after their experimental inoculation. 4 -6 On the other hand, progesterone was the hormone that stimulated Chlamydia trachomatis and M. genitalium to grow in mice, oestradiol having no effect whatsoever in promoting growth of these microbes. 7,8 It is not difficult to see, however, that the patterns of hormonal effects are different in women from those in mice. In women high levels of oestradiol are associated with a normal vaginal flora and low levels with an abnormal flora, whereas mice given this hormone develop a BV-like picture and a susceptibility to some organisms, which otherwise is non-existent. The picture is BV-like in the sense that there is proliferation of endogenous murine vaginal bacteria, many adherent to epithelial cells, which, of course, are quite different from the bacteria found in the human vagina. Also different is the vaginal eco-system in women and mice. In women, the healthy vagina is dominated by acid-producing lacto bacilli causing the pH to be less than 4.5, rising to 7.0 or more in subjects with BV. In mice, lactobacilli are sparse and the pH is normally 7.4 (range 6.6-8.5) and not significantly different in mice given oestradiol, that is 7.36 (range 6.5-8.6), or progesterone, namely 7.2 (range 6.4-7.7). In addition, the nature of the cellular composition is somewhat different in women during the menstrual cycle than in mice during the oestrous cycle. In the former, a rising level of oestrogen is associated with proliferation of the vaginal stratified squamous epithelial cells and the surface cells become large and flattened with small or absent nuclei (cornification); in the second half of the cycle, with increasing progesterone, there is mucification of the squamous epithelium with large clear nucleated cells. Only at the end of the cycle, during menstruation, are erythrocytes and leucocytes seen. In the murine reproductive cycle, the oestrogenic phase is defined by squamous epithelial cells, some nucleated (early oestrous stage) or exclusively non-nucleated (oestrous stage) and a di-oestrous phase, stimulated by progesterone, characterized by an infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to the exclusion of epithelial cells...

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The contribution of APTIMA Combo 2 assay to the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in genitourinary medicine setting

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Comparative performance of culture using swabs transported in Amies medium and the Aptima Combo 2 nucleic acid amplification test in detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrom genital and extra-genital sites: a retrospective study: Table 1

Comparative performance of culture using swabs transported in Amies medium and the Aptima Combo 2 nucleic acid amplification test in detection ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrom genital and extra-genital sites: a retrospective study: Table 1

Is non-invasive testing for sexually transmitted infections an efficient and acceptable alternative for patients? A randomised controlled trial

Three years of using Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) transcription-mediated amplification for gonorrhoea in a district hospital genitourinary medicine clinic shows it to be superior to culture and has a specificity of almost 100%

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