The Contribution of Attached Bacteria to Microcystis Bloom: Evidence From Field Investigation and Microcosm Experiment

Cao, Xiuyun; Zhou, Yiyong; Wang, Zhicong; Song, Changchun

doi:10.1080/01490451.2015.1074319

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…It was quantified that up to 89% of the total phytoplankton P uptake was represented by APA in Lake Wivenhoe of Australia [39]. In addition to algae, free living and attached bacteria were the main contributors to APA [40][41][42]. In our experiments, APA >3.0μm accounted for the most part of APA T (see Additional file 1: Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth

et al. 2020

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Background: The N 2 -fixing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a globally distributed bloom causing species that degrades water quality of fresh and marine water bodies. Overcoming phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the ecological advantages for bloom-forming cyanobacteria. It remains unclear to what extent can A. flos-aquae alleviate P deficiency by regulating P using strategies.Results: Based on in situ observations of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (APase) in A. flos-aquae via enzymelabeled fluorescence in freshwater bodies in China, Poland and Czechia, we further investigated responses of isolated A. flos-aquae to different P supplies (dissolved inorganic P (Pi) as +DIP, dissolved organic α-glycerophosphate and β-glycerophosphate as +DOP α and +DOP β , P-free condition as P-depleted). The significantly negative relationships between percentage of APase producing cells and soluble reactive P concentration in both fields and cultures suggested that the excretion of APase in cyanobacterium was regulated by ambient Pi supply. Suffering from P deficiency in the P-depleted treatments, A. flos-aquae showed the highest APase activity but a vigorous growth at the early culture stage, which might also benefit from the formation of polyphosphate body (PPB) and the decrease of cell P quota. In the +DOP treatments, the coordination of dissolved DOP mineralization and continuous prompt utilization of PPB might contribute to a maintenance but not reproduction of A. flos-aquae when relying on DOP, since the specific growth rate kept around 0 cells L −1 day −1 at the second half culture period and the highest cell density reached only 13.38% of that in +DIP treatments while photochemical efficiency was comparable during the whole experiment. Luxury uptake of phosphate as PPB in the +DIP treatments was consistent to the canonical view of polyphosphate as P storage. Conclusion:Aphanizomenon flos-aquae could achieve an instantaneous growth in response to P deficiency with the coordination of P utilization strategies, while it maintained a long-term sustainable growth but not reproduction under sole DOP supply. Persistent and active reproduction could only be achieved in high Pi supply, which implying that an effective consequence can be expected for combating the bloom of A. flos-aquae when controlling P supply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth

et al. 2020

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“…It was quantified that up to 89% of the total phytoplankton P uptake was represented by APA in Lake Wivenhoe of Australia [40]. In addition to algae, free living and attached bacteria were the main contributors to APA [41][42][43]. In our experiments, APA >3.0μm accounted for the most part of APA T (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth

Chen

Dolinová

Ševců

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The N2-fixing cyanobacterium, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a globally distributed bloom causing species that degrades water quality of fresh and marine water bodies. Overcoming phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the ecological advantages for bloom forming cyanobacteria. It remains unclear to what extent can A. flos-aquae alleviate P deficiency by regulating P using strategies. Results Based on in situ observations of extracellular alkaline phosphatase (APase) in A. flos-aquae via enzyme-labeled fluorescence in freshwater bodies in China, Poland and Czechia, we further investigated responses of isolated A. flos-aquae to different P supplies (dissolved inorganic P (Pi) as +DIP, dissolved organic α-glycerophosphate and β-glycerophosphate as +DOPα and +DOPβ, P-free condition as P-depleted). The significantly negative relationships between percentage of APase producing cells and soluble reactive P concentration in both fields and cultures suggested that the excretion of APase in cyanobacterium was regulated by ambient Pi supply. Suffering from P deficiency in the P-depleted treatments, A. flos-aquae showed the highest APase activity but a vigorous growth at the early culture stage, which might also benefit from the formation of polyphosphate body (PPB) and the decrease of cell P quota. In the +DOP treatments, the coordination of dissolved DOP mineralization and continuous prompt utilization of PPB might contribute to a maintenance but not reproduction of A. flos-aquae when relying on DOP, since the specific growth rate kept around 0 cells L-1 day-1 at the second half culture period and the highest cell density reached only 13.38% of that in +DIP treatments while photochemical efficiency was comparable during the whole experiment. Luxury uptake of phosphate as PPB in the +DIP treatments was consistent to the canonical view of polyphosphate as P storage. Conclusion A. flos-aquae could achieve an instantaneous growth in response to P deficiency with the coordination of P utilization strategies, while it maintained a long-term sustainable growth but not reproduction under sole DOP supply. Persistent and active reproduction could only be achieved in high Pi supply, which implying that an effective consequence can be expected for combating the bloom of A. flos-aquae when controlling P supply.

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“…Furthermore, it has been proven that Microcystis has no ability to produce extracellular alkaline phosphatase to hydrolyse organic P [35]. So, the advantage of P acquisition of Microcystis and organic P hydrolysis by bacteria attached to Microcystis mutually drove Microcystis growth and succession from Dolichospermum to Microcystis [28,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolved fractions (EEA < 0.45∝m ) were termed free EEA (EEA Dissolved ). Then, a Sanco 960 spectro uorometer was used to measure the uorescence produced by substrate hydrolysis as the increase between time 0 (initial time) and after 2-3 hours of incubation at the "in situ" temperature [28]. Calibration curves were produced according to Hoppe et al [29].…”

Section: Analysis Of Eeasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community composition and functional genes as well as ecological role of bacteria attached to different bloom-forming cyanobacteria

Song¹,

Liu²,

Cao³

et al. 2020

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Background Eutrophication leads to frequent outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms, especially those of the genera Dolichospermum and Microcystis. The contribution of bacteria attached to algal cells to cyanobacterial blooms is still not clear and specific. To gain a deeper understanding of functional genes and their role in bacteria attached to different bloom-forming cyanobacteria, we carried out microbial experiments associated with Dolichospermum and Microcystis in four fish ponds. Results The significantly positive relationships between Dolichospermum density and total nitrogen (TN) and between Microcystis density and particle nitrogen (PN) indicated the strong nitrogen (N) demand of these two species. The lack of functional genes mediating the nitrification process in bacteria attached to both Microcystis and Dolichospermum indicated that these two species preferred ammonium (NH 4 + -N). Dolichospermum could overcome N limitation through N 2 fixation expressed by high nitrogenase genes abundance. Compared to bacteria attached to Dolichospermum cells, bacteria attached to Microcystis cells showed a higher activity of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and a significantly higher abundance of functional genes (such as nrfA , nirB and aminopeptidase genes) mediating the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). The significantly higher abundance of functional genes (carbon degradation) and β-glucosidase (GLU) activity of bacteria attached to Microcystis than those of bacteria attached to Dolichospermum suggested the abundant organic carbon bound Microcystis cells, which was prerequisite for DNRA. Also, Microcystis had a great advantage in solving phosphorus (P) stress, including high levels of organic phosphorus hydrolysis associated with high levels of phosphatase genes of attached bacteria. The difference of functional community compositions of bacteria attached to Microcystis and Dolichospermum resulted in the functional differentiation. Conclusions Dolichospermum and Microcystis growth was susceptible to P and N (especially NH 4 + -N) limitation, respectively, the latter of which could be effectively solved by attached bacteria through DNRA and ammonification. The P acquisition disadvantage of Dolichospermum resulted in its frequent replacement by Microcystis , especially in conditions of P deficiency. Hence, the evaluation of nutrient limitation (N or P) type of algal growth should combine the nutrient concentration and ratio as well as the ability to solve nutrient deficiency.

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The Contribution of Attached Bacteria to Microcystis Bloom: Evidence From Field Investigation and Microcosm Experiment

Cited by 18 publications

References 72 publications

Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth

Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth

Strategies adopted by Aphanizomenon flos-aquae in response to phosphorus deficiency and their role on growth

Community composition and functional genes as well as ecological role of bacteria attached to different bloom-forming cyanobacteria

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