The Contribution of Calcium to Changes in Leaf Anatomical Character of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) under Drought Stress

Abstract

The research was purposed (1) to know the effects of drought stress on changes in leaf anatomical character of oil palm seedlings (2) to know the contribution of calcium in cell compactness and increase the structural strength of leaf tissue so that oil palm seedlings were more tolerant to drought stress. This experiment was laid out following a split plot design with three blocks as replication. Main plot consists of drought stress levels, that are field capacity (FTSW 1.00), moderate drought stress (FTSW 0.35) and severe drought stress (FTSW 0.15). The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) is a method for evaluating gradually increasing drought stress based on the amount of water loss due to transpiration. Meanwhile, subplot consists of four doses of calcium (Ca), that are of 0.0 g/seedlings, 0.04 g/seedlings, 0.08 g/seedlings, and 0.12 g/seedlings. Calcium fertilizer used is calcium sulfate (CaSO4) pure analysis. Leaf anatomical character was observed including the epidermal length and epidermal width; hypodermal length and hypodermal width; palisade cell length and palisade cell width; sponge cell length and sponge cell width; mesophyll tissue thickness; xylem and phloem diameter. The results showed that moderate and severe drought stress reduced epidermal cell length, upper hypodermal cell width, mesophyll thickness, palisade width and phloem diameter of leaf vessels. The applications of calcium to the leaf of oil palm seedlings under drought stresses were able to increased in the sponge cell length at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; increased lower hypodermal width and diameter phloem at a Ca dosage of 0.04 g/seedlings; and increased diameter xylem of leaves vessel at a Ca dosage of 0.12 g/seedlings.

The role of calcium in drought stress response induced through antioxidant activity in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings

“…In addition, plants have the ability to modify cell membranes by increasing the total pectin content with the addition of calcium, so that membrane damage due to ROS can be avoided (Nurwahyuni & Putra, 2020). It was also reported by Sari & Putra (2019) that the application of calcium was able to strengthen cell cohesiveness and increase the strength of the cell structure of oil palm seedling leaves that experience drought. The REL shows the relative amount of cellular fluid leakage caused by membrane damage due to oxidative stress.…”

Dynamics of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Fructose Bisphosphate Synthase in Oil Palms Fertilised With Low Nitrogen [(Nh2)2co] Dose With NPPTNBPT Coating in Red-Yellow Podzolic Soil

“…leading to macronutrient deficiency of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) (Gafur and Putra, 2019;Nurwahyuni and Putra, 2021;Sari and Putra, 2019).…”

“…All the characters in the two tables showed the same trend, whereas all the characters in the same treatment trended to be smaller than the variables as presented in Table 1. The oil palms are required to be treated with a fertiliser specifically at the same dose every six months due to which [(NH 2 ) 2 CO] application was carried out a few rounds in a year (Gafur and Putra, 2019;Nurwahyuni and Putra, 2020;Sari and Putra, 2019).…”

Problems and Prospects of Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Pathogen Resistance of Oil Palm

“…As a result, the thickness of the adaxial cuticle and the thickness of the leaf sponge tissue may be used as important structural genetic variants for identifying oil palm populations and their cold tolerance. In another study, Sari et al [28] evaluated the changes in leaf anatomical characteristics of oil palm seedlings were examined under moderate and severe drought stress. These included the length of upper and lower epidermis cells, the width of upper dermis cells, and the thickness of mesophyll.…”